Biology unit 2(the body)
Terms
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- What is the Function of the Digestive System?
- Prepares food so that it can be used by cells
- What is Ingestion?
- To take in food
- What is digestion?
- To break down the food
- What is absorption?
- To absorb the food into the body(cells)
- What is Igestion?
- Eliminating undigested materials from body
- What is Mechanical Digestion?
- teeth to break apart food into smaller pieces
- What is Chemical Digestion?
- Changing the structure of the food using enzymes. Ex- starch–>sugar
- What does saliva contain?
- Water, mucin, and amylase
- What does the Esophagus do?
- Moves food down
- What are Peristalsis?
- Muscular contractions that move the food down the Esophagus
- What is the Epiglottis?
- Flap of skin that covers the oping to the windpipe and Prevents food from going down the wrong way.
- What is the stomach and what does it do?
- It’s a muscular pouch with mucus lining that uses acid (chemical) to break down food and it also churns the food (mechanical).
- What is Gastric juice?
- Water, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin
- What is pepsin?
- An enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides
- What is chyme?
- End products (feces)
- How long is the small intestine?
- 6 meters (18 feet)
- Where do the first digestive juices come in from?
- The liver and pancreas
- What does the Pancreas Secrete?
- Typsin, Amylase, and Lipase
- What does typsin do?
- Breaks down protein
- What does Lipase do?
- Breaks down fat (lipids)
- What does liver produce and what does it do?
- It produces bile which breaks down big fats to little fats (mechanically)
- What is vili?
- Projections in the lining of the small intestine that absorbs digested good
- What is the Large intestine?
- A.k.a. colon, muscular tube that moves undigested good.
- Name nutrients.
- Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and water
- What are the 5 main food groups?
- Fruits, Vegetables, Grains, Milk, and Meats
- Describe Fats.
- provide insolation, energy, build structures, and protection. Found in meats, nuts, dairy products, cooking oils. Unsaturated fats-“good fats†easier to break down. Saturated fats-“bad fats†harder to break down, cause high cholesterol.
- Describe proteins.
- Multi-purpose building materials. Good for enzymes, antibodies, muscles. Found in meats, dried beans, whole grains, eggs, dairy products. Last resort energy source.
- Describe Minerals.
- Nutrients that are inorganic substances(your body can’t make these by itself). Building materials and present in chemical reactions. Ex- calcium, iron, sodium.
- Describe Vitamins
- Organic nutrient. Helps growth and metabolism. Ex- A, B, C, D, K
- Describe water.
- Most abundant substance in the body. Used in chemical reactions, digestion, and allows nutrients to enter cells. It also regulates body temperature.