Anatomy Defenition/ Terms
Terms
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- What is Anatomy?
- Branch of science that deals with the study of the structure of body parts and forms (arrangement)
- What is Physiolgy
- The study of the function of the bodies organs (what do they do, and how do they do it?)
- Morphology
- Study of the structure or shape of the bodies organs
- What are the five environmental factors needed for life?
-
1. Water
2. Food
3. Oxygen
4. Heat
5. Pressure - Define #1
- Movement – Change in position of body or body part
- Define #2
- Responsiveness – Reaction to change taking place (inside or outside)
- Define #3
- Growth – Increase in body size without change in shape
- Define #4
- Reproduction – Production of new organisms and new cells
- Define #5
- Cell –basic unit of structure and function of an organism
- What broad thin muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the lower abdominopelvic cavity?
- The diaphragm which when at rest curves upward into the thorax like a dome
- The serous membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid that separates which layers?
- The layer lining the wall (parietal layer) from the layer covering the organ (visceral layer)
- What organs are in the Central Nervous System?
- Spine and Brain
- What cavity does the central nervous system lie in?
- Dorsal Cavity
- What is the top of the tongue known as?
- Doral/Dorsum
- What does the ending itis mean?
- Inflamation
- The prefix Epi mean?
- On the surface of
- What does the ending ose imply?
- Sugar
- What is diffusion?
- Where a higher concentration flows to a lower concentration
- What does the ending stasis entail?
- The same
- What are the 9 levels of organization?
-
1.Atom
2.Molecule
3.Macromolecule
4.Organelle
5.Cell
6.Tissue
7.Organ
8.Organ System
9.Organism - Define # 3
- Macromolecule – larger molecule
- Define # 4
- Organelle – in cells and carry on specific activities composed of macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids)
- Define #6
- Tissue – layer or mass of cells grouped together that have a common function
- Define #7
- Absorption – Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
- Define #8
- Circulation - movement of substances from place to place in body fluids
- Define #9
- Assimilation – Changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
- What are the characteristics of Animal Life?
-
Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Assimilation
Excretion - Define # 5
- Respiration – Obtaining oxygen, using oxygen in releasing energy from foods and removing carbon dioxide
- Define # 6
- Digestion – Breaking down food into simpler forms that can be used
- Define #10
- Excretion – removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
- What is Anatomical Position?
- Stand erect, the face forward, with the upper limps at the sides, and palms are facing anteriorly (forward)
- What controls the temperature of the body making sure that is stay at the set point of 98.6° F (37° C)?
- The homeostatic mechanism located in the hypothalamus
- The human body is divided into what two portions?
- An Axial and an Appendicular Portion
- What body parts does the Axial Portion contain?
- Head, neck, trunk
- What body parts does the Appendicular Portion contain?
- Upper and lower limbs
- What are the two major cavities located within the axial portion?
- A dorsal cavity and a larger ventral cavity
- Define Vicera
- The organs that are located in cavities such as the dorsal and ventral cavities
- What two parts can the dorsal cavity are subdivided into?
- Cranial Cavity (houses the brain), and the vertebral canal (spinal cavity) which contains the spinal cord and is surrounded by sections of the back-bone (vertebrae)
- What two cavities comprise the ventral cavity?
- Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavity
- What does the diaphragm do during inhalation?
- It contracts and presses down upon the abdominal vicera
- What is the wall of the thoracic cavity composed of?
- Skin, skeletal muscles, and bones
- Define Mediastinum
- Tissues and organs including the remaining thoracic vicera-heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland that form a spectrum between the two compartments that contain the right and left lungs
- Define Abdominal Cavity
- The space between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera
- What organs are in the abdominal vicera?
- Stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, and the small and large intestines
- Where does the abdominal cavity which includes a lower pelvic portion and an upper abdominal portion start and stop?
- It extends from the floor of the diaphragm to the floor of the pelvis
- Define pelvic cavity
- Portion of the abdominopelvic cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones which contains the terminal end of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs
- What other smaller cavities are located within the head?
-
Oral Cavity
Nasal Cavity
Orbital Cavities
Middle Ear Cavities - What organs are located in #1?
- Oral Cavity: Contains teeth and tongue
- Where is #2 located?
- Nasal Cavity: Located within the nose and divided into right and left portions by a nasal septum.
- What are connected to #2?
- Several air-filled sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity
- Give an example of an air-filled sinus
- These include the sphenoidal and frontal sinuses
- What organs do #3 contain?
- Orbital Cavities: Contain the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves
- What organs do #4 contain?
- Middle Ear Cavities: Contain the middle ear bones
- What are the serous membranes?
- Membranes that line a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body and fold back to cover the organs within these cavities
- What organ does the word Pleural pertain to?
- Lung
- Define Plural membranes
- Serous membranes that enclose the lungs
- What membranes surround the heart?
- Pericardial Membranes
- What are the membranes called in the Abdominopelvic cavity?
- Peritoneal Membranes