ANSC digestion
Terms
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- What is the order of food transfer through the pig?
- mouth to esophagus to stomach to the SI to the LI to the rectum
- What enzyme is in saliva that helps break down food before it gets to the stomach?
- amylase
- What 4 things does the stomach secrete to aid digestion?
- HCL, mucus, pepsin, gastrin
- What is the sphincter valve? What does it do? Where is it?
- at the junction of stomach and esophagus. It prevents feed from coming up the esophagus when stomach contractions occur
- What is chyme?
- mixed food that comes from the stomach
- Where is the most important place for digestion and absorption? What are ready for absorption?
- the SI. AA, fatty acids, monosaccharides.
- What are the two types of absorption?
-
passive = diffusion
active = molec. are engulfed by SI wall cells and then transported to bloodstream - What does the large intestine do?
- absorbs water and makes feces
- What does the reticulum's function?
- it interacts with the rumen to help mixing process. Provides additional area for fermentation
- What is the rumen?
- it is a fermentation vat where microbes break down roughages to obtain nutrients for them.
- What is the omasum? What is another word for it?
- a place for water removal or absorption -- manypiles
- What is the abomasum? What is it parallel to in monogastric animals?
-
the "true" stomach.
stomach - What are starch, protein, and fats broken down to in the SI?
-
starch to glucose (primary source of energy)
protein to amino acids
fats to 3 fatty acids and glycerol - What are concentrates?
- a high (concentrated) diet that is high in grain (corn, etc). They are high in energy, low in fiber and easy to digest
- What are roughages?
- a high fibrous diet. feeds like hay. usually NO or little grain. They are high in fiber, low in energy and not very easy to digest
- What are Volatile Fatty Acids? Are they water soluble? What are the three different individual types of them?
-
microbes break down glucose to VFAs. They are the microbes waste product, but the animals major source of energy. They are water soluble.
Acetic Acid
Propionic Acid
Butyric Acid - Is glucose absorbed by the rumenent?
- Not usually -- the microbes break glucose down.
- What is protein broken down into? What is that product broken down into?
-
Amino Acids
carbon skeletons and NH3 - What happens when a cow is rumenating?
- chewing their cud! (they regiritate it and chew it up more so that the food is broken down more)
- What is a cecum in a horse? What is it equal to in a cow?
- a microbal fermentation vat. equal to a cow's rumen.
- Why is a horse not able to absorb [most of the] the microbe protein?
- because it is formed in the cecum, which is after the SI where digestion and absorption occurs.
- What does the stomach secrete to aid digestion?
- HCl, mucus, pepsin, gastrin
- What does pepsin do?
- in the stomach, breaks proteins down into polypeptides
- What is the duodenum?
- the portion of the SI that the stomach empties into
- What is the pyloric sphincter's function? Where is it?
- at junction of stomach and duodenum. It prevents feed from moving into or out of stomach.
- following milk let down, new milk synthesis is stimulated by:
- prolactin
- Carbs are digested to
- glucose
- proteins are digested to
- amino acids
- vitamins are broken down into two classifications:
-
water
fat soluble - minerals are broken into two classifications:
-
macro
micro - What hormone stimulates milk let down?
- oxytocin
- pig - where does protein digestion occur?
- in the small intestine
- pig - where does starch digestion occur?
- in the small intestine
- pig - where does cellulose digestion occur?
- its not digested
- horse - where does protein digestion occur?
- small intestine
- horse - where does starch digestion occur?
- small intestine
- horse - where does cellulose digestion occur?
- in the cecum
- cow - where does starch digestion occur?
- rumen
- cow - where are VFA absorbed?
- small intestine
- What are the % for fat, protein, lactose and solids in a cow's milk?
-
fat 3.6
protein 3.3
lactose 4.6
solids 12.5 - What is an ewe's % milk fat?
- 5.4%
- What is a sow's milk fat?
- 6.8%
- What is a mare's milkfat?
- 1.3%