Biological Anth. Vocab
Terms
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- Gene
- Segment of DNA that directs the production of a specific protein or part of a protein.
- Locus
- location of a gene on a chromosome
- Alleles
- Alternative forms of genes.
- Homozygous
- Two copies of the same allele are present at the same locus on Homologous chromosomes
- Heteroygous
- Inidividual possess two different alleles at a loci.
- Genotype
- The genetic makeup of an individual or to the alleles at a particular loci.
- Phenotype
- The observable or detectable physical characteristics of an organism, the detectable expression of the genotype
- Mutation
- During protein synthesis it introduces new alleles
- gene Flow
- how genes migrate between populations
- Genetic Drift
- Small population, randomness, high frequency alleles.
- Recombination
- Meiosis...the great re-shuffler
- natural selection
- directional force for gene flow, genetic drift, and mutation...where traits and alleles become significant in a society.
- Polygenic Inheritence
- how we inherit majority of our traits, many different chromosomes, skin color melanine. Enviroment can impact the polygenic inheritence.
- Pleiotrophy
- body has inability to break down amino acids.
- Biological determinism
- The concept that phenomena including behavior are governed by biological factors.
- Eugerics
- the philosophy of race improvements through forced starilization of members of some groups
- Racism
- Bsed on false believe that intellect and various cultural attributes are inherited along with physical characteristics.
- Polymorphism
- Loci with more than one allele. Alleles that are polymorphic have more than one way of showing up...example would be ABO blood types and eye color.
- Microevolution
- small changes within the species..such as a change in allele frequency.
- Macroevolution
- Increased accumulated change over long periods of time. Speciation
- Ethnocentrism
- Belief that your culture is superior to others.
- Monogenism
-
we all came from Adam and Eve
variation in skin, clothes, language, due to plasticity with regards to the climate and enviroment - Polygenism
- did not believe we all came from Adam and Eve. Non whites were seen as animals not humans, this became very popular.
- Homeostasis
- A condition of balance or stability within a biological system
- Acclimation
- Physiological response to changes in the enviroment that occrs during an individuals lifetime "short term"
- Vasodilation
- blood vessels dialate on the skin surface, this cools the body
- Vasoconstriction
- Blood vessels shrink. reduces heat loss out of the skin.
- Ancesterol
- retaining the condition that the ancestors had