Gandleman atomic structure
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is a model?
- A model is anything that represents the properties of another object or system. Some models are miniture copies of things they represent, while other models represent things that connot be seen.
- What type of evidence is often used to discover information of things we can not see?
- Indirect Evidence
- What does an equation describe?
- An equation describes a chemical reaction.
- Is this equation balanced: Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Explain.
- No because there is an extra Cl added. Also another H added.
- What is the law of conservation of matter?
- Matter exists and cannot be made from nothing. Also once matter exists it must always exist. This is called the Law of Conservation of Matter. It states matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms. It demands that all matter must be accounted for in a chemical reaction. Therefore all chemical equations must be balanced.
- Why must equations be balanced?
- Equations must be balanced because the Law of Conservation of Matter states that atoms cannot be created or destroyed, only change forms. An imbalced equation means that one of the atoms were either destroyed, or another was created.
- List the 4 elements the early Greeks described.
- The four elements the Greeks described were water, earth, wind, and fire.
- How was the term "atom" derived and name the person who was given credit for the idea?
- Democritus is credited with providing the term atom. He believed that matter could only be broken down so far and eventually the smallest piece of matter would be obtained. He described the pieces as atomos, which means, "not to be cut" or "indivisible." We now call them atoms.
- Who described his model as the "plum pudding model"?
- Thompson
- Describe Thompson's model.
- Thomson described his model as a pudding where positive and negatively charged particles were floating around like raisins in Plum Pudding. He is credited for discovering the proton. Thomson knew that electrons are negatively charged. He also knew that all atoms must be neutral. So he concluded that there must be something posative in the atom, although he never found it.
- Describe Rutherford's gold foil experiment and state 2 conclusions he made from the experiment.
- Rutherford is credited for finding the positively charged particle that Thomson could not find. He did this in the Gold Foil Expieriement by firing a stream of negatively charged particles at a very thing sheet of gold foil. Surrounding the gold foil was a screen to detect these particles. Rutherford concluded that the positively charged particles were clustered together in a densely packed center and called it the nucleus. The electrons are scattered outside near the edge of the atom. He also stated that atoms were mostly empty space.
- Which subatomic particle was Bohr interested in finding?
- Electrons
- Name 3 names for the location of highest probability of finding an electron.
- Oribitals electron cloud or shells
- Name the 3 subatomic particles.
- Protons, Neutrons , Electrons
- Define atomic number?
- Atomic # is the amount of protons.
- How is the number of electrons calculated?
- The electrons are always the same number and the protons.
- Define atomic mass and describe how it is calculated?
- The atomic mass is the weighted average of the atomic masses of element's naturally occuring isotopes.To calculate it you add the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
- How is the number of neutrons calculated?
- To calculate the number of neutrons you minus the atomic number from the atomic mass.
- What is the charge of an atom?
- Positive
- What is the charge of each of the 3 subatomic particles?
- The electron is negative, the proton is positive, and the neutron is neutral.
- What is the mass of each of the 3 subatomic particles?
- The proton is 1 AMU, the neutron is 1 AMU, and the electron is 1/1836 AMU.
- What is an isotope?
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses due to a different number of neutrons.
- Which particle is responsible for the different masses of atoms of the same element and why?
- Protons will not change because the element will also change. Electrons are so tiny they dont make a difference. That leaves neutrons to change and it does not change the atoms charge.
- How is it possible that the atomic masses on the periodic table can have decimals?
- They are averaged
- How many protons does potassium contain?
- 19 protons
- Define nucleon?
- Particles that make up the nucleus.
- Which subatomic particles are nucleons?
- Protons and Neutrons
- Define electron cloud?
- The location outside the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.
- How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does Tungsten contain?
- 74 electrons and protons, and 110 neutrons.
- How many electrons can a K shell contain?
- 2
- How many electrons can an M shell contain?
- 8
- Which electron has more energy one in the L or N shell?
- N because it is farther from the nucleus.
- Describe what happens to an electron that has achieved an excited state.
- It is gaining energy.
- Describe what happens to an electron that has come back to the ground state from the excited state.
- It produces light from the extra energy.
- What is an Ion, which particle is responsible for creating ions and how do you calculate the charge of an ion?
- An is a positive or negative charge because it it missing or has an extra electron. If the charge is positive, you lost electrons and if it is negative, you gained electrons.
- Which principal energy level can hold a maximum of 8 electrons?
- L,M,N are the levels.
- Which is the weakest force in the atom?
- The weakest force in an atom is gravity
- Which is the strongest force in an atom?
- The strong force is the strongest force.
- What is the name of the force that describes the ability of an electron to be attracted to the proton due to opposite charges?
- Electromagnetic Force
- ...
- ...
- What is Radioactivity?
- The atom is no longer stable and the nucleus breaks down and releases particles and energy. Now the atom can under go transmutation.
- What is transmutation?
- When one element turns into another element.
- What is it meant when an electron is in the Ground State? The excited State?
- Ground state is when the electron has no extra energy and is on the lowest shell. Excited state is when the electron has extra energy and is on higher level shells
- How does the information in the previous question explain how objects glow in the dark?
- When electrons are in light, they collect the energy and jump to the higher shells. But when the light is turned off, they go down to where they would be normally on lower shells and since they have extra energy, they release it at light.