Lap 9 Biology

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Biology

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Group of organisms that interbreedin nature producing fertile offspring: Species
What selection has higher fitness at 1 end of curve: Directional selection
What slection has higher fitness will be in the middle of the curve: Stabilizing selection
What selection is when we dont have a perfect bell curve it is at both ends: Disruptice Selection
What is a change in the gene pool?: Genetic drift
Does genetic drift have anything to do with natural selection?: No
what is it when species leave their population and create their own population the founders are what they bring to the new population?: Founder effect
Explain the Genetics and evolutionary theory using mechanisms?: genetics mutations and sexual recombination
Explain genetics and evolutionary theory using genes?: Source of random variation on which natural selection depends
Explain Genetics and evolutionary theory using variations?: They are cause d by mutation and mixing of parental genes. they are random and everything has to do with genes whether its natural selection or genetic drift
Explain Genetics and Evolutionary Theory through Natural Selection: Acts upon phenotypic variation present in the population. more a remodler then an articecht It tweaks the problems instead of starting from scratch
All genes in the breeding population: Gene Pool
Do we have access to all the genes in the gene pool depending on who you marry: No
Success an organism has passing a gene to its off spring: Fitness
Genetically controlled trait that increases fitness: Adaptation
What is our roll in our enviroment and habitat: Niche
What happens when two or more species try to occupy the same niche?: Competition strikes and one will have to win
Reproductive isolation by a land mass or ocean etc.: Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation when they start acting differently: Behavioral Isolation
Reproductive isolation when time and breeding seasons change or if animals migrate: Temporal isolation
Who are the founders in the founders in the founder effect?: The group of animals that wander off and start their new population
What happens when there are changes in the gene pool?: organisms adapt to their new enviroment, genetic recombination and mutation occurs and so does directional selection
What do animals compete?: for food and habitat
What is spontaneous generation?: the belief that life came form non living organisms
Where did people believe maggots came from?: meat
What did Francesco Redi do? and what did he prove?: He placed the meat in containers one with a sealed jar and one with out one and learned maggots were just baby flies proved non living things cant produce living things
what did people believe came from non living things even after redi's experiment?: Bacteria
What did Needham and Spallanzi do?: The boiled gravy and sealed the jars to see if microbes grew
What happened with Needham's Experiment? why?: Microbes grew; he didnt seal the jar air tight
What happened with Spallanzi's experiment? why?: Microbes did not grow; he sealed it air tight
What did Louis Pasteur hypothesize about bacteria?: That bacterial spores are carried in the air with dust; If the spores can be kept out bacteria will not grow
What theory is this? At the present time and under present conditions on earth alll living things come from the other living things: Theory of biogenesis
When was earth formed?: 4.6 billion years ago
What was the earth like 4 bya?: volcanic and hot
What was the atmosphere on earth 4 bya?: H2O, CO, CO2, N2H2S, HCN; basically there was no oxygen
What is our atmosphere today?: 78%Nitrogen and 215 Oxygen
When was the primordial soup formed and what is it?: 3.8 bya and its thick pink and slimy; Pink bc the sky was pink
What did Miller and Urey do?: They basically made earth in a bottle and made the primordial soup and copied the conditions of early earth
what did Miller and Urey produce?: Urea, acetic acid, lactic acid and 21 amino acid and ATP
What came first - last 1. Evolution of Prokaryotes 2. Protenoid microspheres 3. Evolution of DNA and RNA: 2 3 1
What are protenoid microspheres?: Large organic molecules with selectively premeable membranes and they store and release energy; also called proto-cells
Are proto cells living cells? Explain.: No; they just have the ingredients to make a cell
Who made the first proto cell?: Aleksandr Oparin
What can proto cells do?: Grow, reproduce, and break down glucose
Is there a difference between cocervates and proto cells?: no its just a different name
What eventually happened to proto cells?: they developed DNA and RNA which made livinf cells
Where is the most reasonable place life evolved?: Clay
In order for DNa to form you need ___ but inorder for those to form you need DNA.: Enzymes
What came first DNA or RNA? explain: RNA could have acted as an enzyme thus helping DNA replicate
What was the first life?: Prokaryotes?
when did life form?: 3-4 bya but bacteria microfossils appear to be 3.8 bya
What were the four characteristics first life all had in common?: Prokaryotic, Heterotrophic, Anaerobic, and Unicellular
What isthe order of evolution (5): 1. Photosynthesis; so they could live on land 2. Aerobic organisms 3. Eukaryotic cells 4. Sexual reproduction (now there is variety) 5. Multi cell life
Who came up with the hypothesis on how Eukaryotes came to be? What was the Hypothesis?: Lynn Margules; Eukaryotic organelles came from symbiosis meaning that mitochondria and chloroplast were bacteria that evolved together
What was Margule's evidence for Cell symbiosis?: Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar to Bacteral DNA amd they have ribosomes that resemble bacteria's ribosomes, and they like bacteria reproduce by fisson and divide by mitosis
What "time" did the evolution of multicellular life, photosynthesis, and eukaryotes, and multi celled sea life begin?: Precambrian Time
What era did Evolution take off and life started diversifying? Plants and animals moved to land and forests started growing: Palezoic era
How did the Palezoic era end?: Mass extinction
how much ocean life did the mass destruction of the palezoic era ended?: 95%
How much terrestrial life did the mass destruction of the palezoic era ended?: 70%
What was age of the Dinosoars: Meszoic era
What evolved in the meszoic era that is still around today? (2 things): Birds and flowering plants
How much plant and animal life did the mass extinction of the meszoic era ended?: 50% of all plant and animal groups... ALL DINOSOARS
what is the age of the mammals and the age we currently live in?: Cenozoic era
The sudden disappearence of many species at the same time: Mass extinction
What does mass extinction cause?: Drastic enviromental changes
"the great dying" began the ____ era and ended the _____ era: began the Mesozoic and ended the palezoic
Why do we have to be thankful for the mass extinction that began the cenezoic and ended the mesozoic: Because humans came to life
Who made the meteorite impact hypothesis?: Walter and Louis alvarez
What did the meteorite produce a layer of? what is it? and where was the crater found?: iridium- a rare element on earth but not in space and the element was found world wide and the crater was found in mexico
What did this Crater do for us?: The clouds, dust and smoke enveloped the modern earth and killed all dinosoars
What is it when one species give rise to many species; like an ancestral canine evolves into dogs, wolves, and kayotes: Divergent evolution
This type of evolution produce similar features in unrelated organisms so organisms adapt to similar enviroments and analogous structures.: Convergent evolution
What are two ideas of the rate of evolution?: Gradualism and Punctuated equillibirum
Who purposed Gradualism?: Darwin
The rate of evolution is slow and steady and happens over a long period of time: Gradualism
Who purposed Punctuated Equillibrium? (2 people): Stephen Gould and Niles Eldredge
The rate of evolution remains unchanged for a long period of ime but a certain event interrupts the balance of life therefor we all have to change and new species arise almost immidiately: Punctuated equilibrium
Why does Stephen J Gould believe extinction is a necessary part of life? (2 reasons): 1) it is a time telling device 2) it is necessary for other species to evolve and make room for the new
What was the old view of dinosoars?: cold blooded and slow and stupid and lived in swamps
who came up with our modern view of Dinosoars?: robert Bakker
What is the modern vview of Dinosoars: They are warm blooded fast smart and live on land
when organisms blends in with its enviroment due to color or pattern: Camouflage
to hide; color patter background enviroment of the organisms. To blend in: Cryptic coloration
Looks life something theyre not; Body shapes resemble something in the enviroment: Hide in plain sight
Changes color to catch the enviroment: Color change
Dangerous or offensive organism displays highly visible color pattern to warn off others; letting predators know your angry: Warning coloration
Inoffensive or non dangerous animals that develops color or pattern of an offensive or dangerous animal.: Mimicry

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