es7 exam study guide
es is hard
Terms
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- Hardness
- A measurement of how easily a mineral can be scratched
- scientific methods
- step-by-step procedures of scientific problem solving, which can include identifying the problem or question, gathering info, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, analyzing the test results, and drawing conclusions.
- atoms
- tiny particals that make up matter
- Homogeneous mixture
- Are evenly mixed
- Specific Gravity
- The ratio of its weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water
- scientific theory
- is an explanation or model backed by results obtained from many tests
- variables
- different factor that can be changed in an experiment
- isotopes
- atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of nutrons
- constant
- variables that do not change during the experiment
- atomic number
- The number of protons in an atom's nucleus
- Sedimentary Rocks
- Formed when sediments that are pressed and cemented together
- matter
- anything that has mass and takes up space
- Lava
- Magma out of the volcano
- hypothersis
- educated guess
- Metamorphic rocks
- Rocks changed because of tempature, pressure, or prescence of hot watery fluids
- control
- standard 4 comparisant in an experiment
- Streak
- The color of a mineralwhen it is in powder form
- Granitic
- Igneous rocks that are light-colored and lower density
- Mineral
- A naturally occuring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms
- elements
- a pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom
- earth science
- The study of earth and space; includes rocks fossels climate volcanos objects in space etc.
- Rock
- A mixture of such minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials
- Luster
- The way a mineral reflects light
- 4 studies of es
- geology, meteorology, astronomy, and oceanography
- Intrusive
- Rocks that form from below the surface
- Crystal
- a solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns
- mixture
- is composed of 2 or more substances that r not chemically combined
- Solution
- Another name for homogeneous mixture
- Andesitic
- mineral compisiton that are between "Granitic" and "Basaltic"
- ion
- an electricly charged atom whose charged results from an atom losing or gaining electrons
- mass number
- the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus
- Basaltic
- Igneous rock that are dense, and dark colored
- Magma
- Hot melted rock material
- electron
- a negitive charged atom
- Ore
- mineral or a rock
- Extrusive
- Rocks that form at surface
- Gems
- Highly prize minerals
- Silicates
- Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen
- bias
- a personal opinion
- Cleavage
- Hardness
- Fracture
- Uneven and rough or jagged surfaces
- compound
- atoms of more than one type of element that are chemically bonded together
- independate variable
- factor that changes with an experiment
- Sediments
- Loose materials such as rock fragments
- scientific law
- is a rule that describes the behavior of something in nature
- ethics
- deals with moral values about what is good and bad
- Rock Cycle
- A model that shows the process of how rocks change
- protons
- particals that have positive electric charge
- dependant variable
- factor being measured in a experiment
- Foliated
- When mineral grains are parallel layers
- heterogeneous mixture
- are not mixed evenly and each component retains its own property
- Igneous Rock
- formed by cooled magma
- technology
- use of scientific discoveries for partical purpose making peoples lives easier and better
- Compaction
- When pore space decreases causing them to become pack tighty together.
- Non-foliated
- When mineral grains grow and rearrange, but don't form layers.
- Density
- A measure of the mass of an object divided its volume
- science
- Is a process of observing and studying things in the world in order 2 gain knowlage
- Cementation
- Sediments are cemented together as minerals crystallize between grains.
- molecule
- a group of atoms connected by covalent bonds
- nutrons
- particals that have negitave electric charge