Earth Science Topid I
Terms
undefined, object
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- observations
- based on using your senses
- inferences
- conclusions based on observation
- classification
- putting objects with similar characteristics or environmental factors together to make them easier to study
- mass
- amount of matter in an object
- volume
- the amount of space an object takes up
- percentage error formula
- correct minus guess over correct times 100
- does density change when cutting or breaking a pure substance?
- NO
- where does the independent variable go?
- on the bottom (horizontal)
- inverse relationship
- one value increases, the other decreases
- direct relationship
- both values increase
- when temperature increases, volume....
- increases
- when temperature increases, density...
- decreases
- when volume increases due to heat, density...
- decreases
- when pressure increases, volume...
- decreases
- when pressure increases, density...
- increases
- for most earth substances, it is the densest in what phase of matter?
- solid
- what is the exception?
- water--most dense as a liquid
- at what temperature is water most dense?
- 4 degrees celcius
- as the temperature celcius goes from 1 to 7, how does the density of water change?
- it goes up, then reaches 4 as its highest point, and then goes down again
- what are the three basic dimensional qualities?
- time length and mas
- what is the formula for density?
- density=mass over volume
- environment
- all biotic and abiotic factors in the universe
- what is the equation for rate of change?
- change in value over time
- what is a cyclic change?
- changes in the environment that occur in some orderly fashion in which the events constantly repeat
- what happens to a gas when pressure increases?
- it turns to a liquid
- when does a change occur
- when the properties or characteristics of a part of the environment have been altered
- what can change be described with respect to?
- to time and space (location)
- what are some cyclic changes?
- phases of the moon, movement of celestial objects (sun, moon, stars, planets), the number of sunspots, tides, seasonal events,day and night, and the water and rock cycles
- natural hazard
- non-human-related object, process, or situation that has the possibility of causing loss of life, personal injury, or loss of property
- interface
- boundary between regions with different properties across which energy is usually exchanged
- example of conversion of energy
- an earthquake-internal earth energy stored in rocks is released from the rocks and converted into sound, heat, and mechanical energy of earth's shaking surface
- dynamic equilibrium
- environmental equilibrium resulting from opposing forces or actions balancing out
- 2 examples of dynamic equilibrium
-
1. rate of erosion (takes away rocks and soil) and rate of deposition (leaves sediment and rocks behind)
2. oxygen in the atmosphere - natural resources
- materials and energy sources found in the environment that humans use in their daily lives
- examples of natural resources
- air you breathe, water you drink, plants and animals used for food and clothing, energy from the sun, fossil fuels, rock, and mineral
- pollution
- when the concentration of any substance or form of energy reaches a proportion that adversely affects people, their property, or plant or animal life.
- what are some causes of pollution?
- technology, volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions, high concentrations of pollen in the air, X-rays from uranium and radon in rocks
- what are some pollutants?
- solids, liquids, gases, biologic organisms, and forms of enery such as heat, sounds, visible light, and nuclear radiation
- generally, what kind of environment causes high pollutant levels?
- urban environments, especially with many industrial processes
- name some natural pollutants
- volcanic ash, radioactive elements, radon, pollen, mold spores, carbonix acid, CO2 and H20=acid rain, ultraviolet light
- order of layers of earth
-
1. hydrosphere (oceans and waters)
2. lithosphere (crust)
3. atmosphere (layers of air that surround the earth? - layers of earth least dense to most dense
- atmosphere-->hydrosphere-->lithosphere
- layers of earth from thinnest to thickest
- hydrosphere-->lithosphere->atmosphere