earthquakes and volcanoes 2
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- Name the three areas where volcanoes occur.
- Hot spots, converging plate boundaries, diverging plate boundaries.
- Which stress force pulls and stretches rock apart?
- Tension.
- Which earthquake rating system measures the total energy released duing an earthquake?
- Moment Magnitude Scale
- Name the types of seismic waves in order of fastest to slowest.
- P waves, S waves, surface waves
- Why is tsunami created?
- When water is displaced by an undersea earthquake.
- Describe liquefaction.
- When an earthquakes shaking turns loose soil into mud. Buildings can sink into the mud.
- Describe a sheild volcano.
- A wide, gently sloping volcano made from layers of hardened lava. This lava is thin and fluid.
- Any change in the volume or shape of the Earth's crust is called
- Deformation
- Which two minerals make volcanic soil so fertile?
- Phosphorus and potassium.
- Define FAULT.
- The point beneath Earth's surface where crust breaks, triggering and earthquake.
- Describe the three stages of a volcano's life.
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Active - is erupting or shows signs that it may erupt.
Dormant -is not active but MAY become active in the future.
Extinct - is unlikely to erupt again. - Where does magma collect inside the volcano?
- A magma chamber.
- Name the three types of stress on rock that cause deformation.
- Shearing, tension, and compression.
- Magma is thick and sticky when it contains a lot of ___________.
- Silica.
- Describe what is happening at a hot spot.
- A hot spot is an area where magma melts through the crust to erupt as a volcano.
- What is the Ring of Fire?
- A belt of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean.
- Identify and explain the factors that influence the explosiveness of a volcano.
- 1) water content - the higher the water content, the more explosive 2) gas content - the higher the gas content, the more explosive the euption 3) silica content - the higher the silica content, the more explosive 4) temperature - the lower the temperaure, the more explosive.
- How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
- By drawing circles to show the distance from three seismograph stations. The point where the circles meet is where the epicenter is located.