Geography introduction unit
Terms
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- What is GIS?
- Geographic Information Systems
- Latitude
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runs from East to West but measures distances North & South
0-90 degrees N & S - Longitude
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runs from North to South & measures distances from East to West
0-180 degrees E & W - International Dateline
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180 degrees
Changes time 24 hours or one day - Compass Rose
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directional indicator, identifies map orientation
North, South, East West - Scale
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measures distances between two places on a map
ex. 1 inch = 1 mile - map
- a visual representation of geographic information
- Thematic maps
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Maps that show a specific theme
ex. population, economic activity, language, resources, climate, precipitation,
vegetation, physical etc. - Mercator Map Projection
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parallel lines, looks like graph paper
used by ship navigators - Polar Map Projection
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circle routes, map of the polar regions
used by airline pilots - Robinson Map Projection
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data representation
used by teachers, National Geographic etc. - Characteristics that determine climate
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temperature, precipitation
seasons - Elements that influence climate patterns
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influence of latitude
influence of winds
influence of elevation
proximity to water - Three main world climate regions
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low latitudes
middle latitudes
high latitudes - Low Latitudes
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0-23 1/2 degrees N & S
close to the equator
tropics, desert, steppe etc. - Middle Latitudes
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23 1/2-66 1/2 degrees N & S
Mediterranea, Marine West Coast, Humid Continental, Humid Subtropical etc. - High Latitudes
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66 1/2-90 degrees N & S
Cold climates, tundra, ice cap, taigia, etc. - Natural Hazards
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monsoon, typhoon, tornado, hurricane, earthquake, floods, volcano
etc. - Monsoons
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wind system
occur in Asia
may be wet or dry - Typhoon
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tropical storm
Pacific Ocean - Hurricanes
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tropical storms
Atlantic Ocean - Tornadoes
- may occur anywhere in the world but most occur in the United States (midwest or tornado alley)
- How does climate and weather patterns affect how people live?
- crops, clothing, housing, natural hazards
- What are some Physical and Ecological processes that shape the Earth?
- earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, erosion
- How have humans influenced their environment?
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Aral Sea - shrinking due to over irrigation
Colorado River - over use
Aswan High Dam, canals, irrigation, polders, desertfication, deforestation, pollution etc - GDP
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Gross Domestic Product
value of goods and services produced in a country per year - Criteria that makes up a countries relative importance
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GDP
land size
population
resources