Science Chapter 2-Earthquakes-Vocabulary
For those who want a good grade on their up-coming test!!
Terms
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- P waves
- type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground
- stress
- force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
- earthquakes
- the shaking of the earth's crust
- satellite monitors
- takes pictures of faults by using the radar
- fault-block mountain
- mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock
- S waves
- type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side
- plateau
- landform that has a more or less level surface and is elevated high above sea level
- magnitude
- measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
- laser-ranging device
- device that bounces laser beams off a reflector to detect fault movements
- tiltmeter
- device that measures vertical movements
- moment-magnitude scale
- scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
- footwall
- block of rock that forms the lower half of the fault
- base-isolated building
- building mounted on bearings designed to obsorb the energy of an earthquake
- Richter Scale
- a scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particular ype of mechanical seismograph
- syncline
- downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust
- tsunami
- a giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor
- seismograph
- device that records ground movemetns caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth
- epicenter
- the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
- compression
- stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
- Mercalli Scale
- scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause
- fold
- bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed
- hanging wall
- block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault
- focus
- point beneath EArth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
- reverse fault
- type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward
- strike-slip fault
- type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other side ways in a little up and down motion
- fault
- a break in earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other
- deformation
- a change in volume or shape of earth's crust
- creep meters
- measures horizontal movement
- aftershock
- an earthquake that occurs after an larger earthquake in the same area
- liquefaction
- process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns into liquid mud
- normal fault
- type of fault where the hanging wall slides downwards caused by tension
- tension
- stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
- anticline
- upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust
- shearing
- stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions