Science- Chapter 9
Terms
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- Ring of Fire
- a long arc formed around the edges of the Pacific Ocean
- convergent boundary
- a plate boundary where plates are colliding and coming together
- plates
- pieces of the lithophere that are composed of a rigid layer of the uppermost mantle and a layer of oceanic or continental crust, or both
- inner core
- the hottest, most dense layer of Earth composed of mostly iron; located at the center
- relative dating
- fossils are about the same age as the rock around them
- fossils
- remains of once living organisms preserved in layers of sediment
- crust
- the thinnest, outermost layer of Earth; made up of rocky material
- seismograph
- records seismic waves- any movement in earth's crust
- mid-ocean ridge
- mountain range that runs continuously around Earth on the seafloor with a rift valley in between; formed when magma is forced upward and cracks the crust apart; a source for new rock
- Pangaea
- a super-continent that existed over 200 million years ago and included all of the present day continents
- focus
- location where earthquake movement first occurs
- transform boundary
- a plate boundary where plates are moving side by side, causing faults in the crust
- stratovolcanoes
- cone-shaped with steep slopes, explode frequently, Mount St. Helen's
- plate tectonics
- a system of plates made up of crust that move around the surface of Earth
- divergent boundary
- a plate boundary where the plates are moving apart
- plate boundary
- edge of techtonic plate
- magma
- molten rock that exists under the Earth's surface
- epicenter
- point on Earth's surface directly above the location of initial plate boundary movement
- Shield volcanoes
- gentle slopes, made of almost all lava, eruptions are calm, Hawaii
- continental drift
- the hypothesis that states that all of the continents were once part of Pangaea and drifted across the Earth over time on tectonic plates
- lithosphere
- a layer that consists of the crust and the uppermost mantle
- Richter scale
- used to express magnitude of an earthquake
- tsunami
- huge ocean wave usually caused by earthquakes under the ocean floor
- Wegener
- hypothesized that Earth's continents slowly move about the surface
- outer core
- the liquid part of the core, located below the mesophere and above the inner core
- volcanoes
- found in such areas as faults, plate boundaries ans hot spots
- seismic wave
- wave produced by energy that is released when rock moves at plate boundaries
- strata
- horizontal layers of sediment
- seafloor spreading
- pulling apart of plate boundaries under the ocean floor