Geology Exam
Terms
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- 2 things that energize the atmosphere
- Suns Heat, Earths Rotation
- Energy from Sun reaches Earth in what form
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- The tilt of the Earths axis of rotation is responsible for what
- Seasons
- The gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth, or any other celestial body
- Atmosphere
- Complex mixture of gas and tiny suspended particals
- Air
- What our atmosphere pretty much is
- Air
- The relative composition of the atmosphere varies based on what 2 things
- aerosols, and the presence of water vapor
- The amount of water vapor in the air
- Humidity
- Tiny liquid droplets or tiny solid particals that are so small they remain suspended in the air
- Aerosols
- The energy from the sun that actually reaches the earths surface
- insolation
- Why does the stratopheres temp increase with altitude
- Ozone absorbs ultravilot radiation coming from the sun
- Why does the tropospheres temp decrease with altitude
- Absorbtion of reradiated long wavelength infared rays is most effective at the bottom of the atmosphere where the air is most dense
- Region where temp decreases with altitude,
- Mesosphere
- Air Pressure does what with altitude
- Decreases
- The ratio of the vapor pressure in a sample of air to the saturation vapor pressure at the same temperature, expressed as a percentage
- Relative Humidity
- The formation of a more ordered liquid from a less ordered gas
- Condensation
- air pressure, humidity, cloudiness, and wind speed and direction define what
- weather
- Which climate zone is where weather is generated, clouds form, and rain and snow develop
- Troposphere
- When air becomes saturated with water as it rises what forms
- Clouds
- What results in the horizontal movement of air in response to air pressure
- Wind
- What controls wind speed
- Air Pressure Gradients, the Coriolis Effect, and Friction
- Where do deserts form
- As a result of the global air circulation, in continental interiors far from sources of moisture, in rainshadows, along coasts adjacent to cold upwelling seawater
- Form along cold fronts as a result of up drafts of warm humid air, maintained by the latent heat of condensation from the humid air
- Thunderstorms
- Violent upward-spiraling columns of air, form as a result of certain spiral updrafts in certain thunderstorms
- Tornadoes
- Violent oceanic cyclones that have very fast wind speeds, do most damage on costal and island regions
- Hurricanes
- Holds more moisture
- Warmer Air
- Holds less moisture
- Colder Air
- Wind in high pressure goes from ____
- High to Low
- Wind in low pressure goes from ____
- Low to High
- Waters holding capacity of air depends on temperature
- Saturation Humidity
- Actual mass of water vapor in a given mass of air
- Specific Humidity
- Specific Humidity divided by Saturation Humidity
- Relative Humidity
- Climate zones go in what order
- Polar, Temperate, Subtropic, Tropic.....equator
- Means "substitute" what kinds of info recorded, what climate was like in the past
- Proxy
- Typical Ice age lasts
- 100,000 years
- Typical interglacial period last
- 10,000 years
- Animals that used more oxygen 18 meant what
- It was a colder enviornment
- Earth wobble cycle gives
- Process of equinox
- Volcanoes, Weathering Reactions, and Burning of Coal all do what
- Cause more Co2 in the enviornment
- The suns energy being traped in our atmosphere is called
- GreenHouse Effect
- Problems caused by global warming
- Heat related health problems, Melting of glaciers and ice caps, Sea level rise and flooding.
- Compairing 2 similar kinds of fossils
- Comparative Biology
- Remains of previous existing life
- Fossils
- Tissue gets protected
- Preservation
- Tissue gets destroyed and replaced by minerals
- Mineralization
- Small things get flattened and molded by minerals
- Carbonization
- Getting presed by losing all bones and tissue
- Impression
- Minerals forming around an organism
- casts or molds
- losing all of body just leaving picture
- replacement
- using specific criteria for that time, based on morphological characteristics
- fossil species
- Large number of species go extinct over a fairly short period of time
- Mass Extinction
- Reason for mass extinction
- significant changes in the enviornment that happen too fast for animals to adapt to
- world petroleum use
- 85 million barrels per day
- petroleum increase per year
- 6 million
- Why are geological recources rare
- They are ultimately exausted, estimating how many left is difficult
- Order of coal
- Peat, Lignite, Sub-bituminos coal, bituminous coal, anthracite coal
- The degradiation of a recource due to a contaminant
- Pollution
- Something used by people
- Recource
- Something that has hazardous effects to human health
- Toxic
- based on whether or not there are known human health impacts
- air or water quality
- presence of absence of a contaminant
- quality
- the organism recieves a large dose over a short period of time
- acute
- based on a lower dose over a longer period of time
- chronic
- how contaminants interact
- synergistic
- Max contaminant levels for public water supplies list of > 80 substances
- Safe drinking water act
- Requires Npdes permits for anyone who is dumoing pollutants into public waters
- clean water act
- regulates the disposal of waste, defines hazardous waste "cradle to grave" provisions
- recource concervation and recovery act
- law for cleaning up abandoned waste sites
- comprehensive enviornmental response compensation and liability act
- Ohio # state for air pollution
- 1
- deals with stratospheric depletion by limiting the use of cfc's
- montreal protocal
- deals with greenhouse gasses by seting national limits on the buring of fossil fuels
- kyoto treaty
- abnormal fluctuatuations in temperature
- temperature inversion
- ground level ozone
- smog