Human Bio Study Guide 1-4
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- How are humans organized, biologically speaking?
- Human organization can be described in hierarchically, going from smallest to largest: cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism
- The life of a human being includes what developmental stages?
- Developmental stages of a human include childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
- By what processes are humans related to all other living things?
- All living organisms (including humans) are related to each other and are products of evolutionary processes.
- How are ecosystems organized and how do humans threaten ecosystems and therefore the biosphere?
- Ecosystems are comprised of populations of living organisms that interact with themselves and the physical environment. The structure of ecosystems is based upon energy flow and chemical cycling. Humans alter ecosystems for our gain, however these activities threaten biodiversity and chemical cycling.
- What steps do biologists follow to gather information and come to conclusions about the natural world?
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- Why do laboratory studies have a control group?
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- Who is responsible for deciding how to use new emerging scientific information and discoveries?
- Citizens from all walks of life have the responsibility of deciding how to use new scientific information.
- Human beings have characteristics in common with all living things, and they also have a cultural inheritance.
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- Human beings share an evolutionary history with other living things, and they belong to the biosphere.
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- The scientific method is the process by which scientists gather information about the material world.
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- How is an atom organized?
- An atom has a central nucleus that is surrounded by pathways called shells. Subatomic particles called protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus in the shells.
- What are radioactive isotopes and how can they be used for the biological benefit of humans?
- Radioactive isotopes are generally unsteady and break down over time. As a radioactive isotope decays, it releases energy. The use of radioactive isotopes as tracers can help with the diagnosis of medical conditions.
- What are the two basic types of reactions between atoms?
- Ionic reactions are those where atoms lose or gain electrons to form a stable outer shell. In covalent reactions, atoms share electrons instead of losing or gaining them.