Social Studies Chapter 22
Terms
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- Termperance Movement
- against the use of alcoholic beverages, began in 1800's and lead to the 18th ammendment.
- Upton Sinclair
- muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
- Woodrow Wilson
- Democrat picked him as their candidate, he was a progressive. became President in 1912. Made a program called New Freedom. Also Federal Reserve Act.
- NAACP
- worked to gain equal rights for African Americans
- Patronage
- the practice of giving jobs to loyal supporters,
- Alice Paul
- Marched with the suffragist in England , was jailed and went on a hunger strike all to help British woman win the vote. returned home to support the cause of the suffrage for American woman
- Gentlemens Agreement
- Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
- James Garfield
- Thought that people should get government jobs on the basis of merit or ability rather then as a political reward he also found himself swamped by people seeking patronage.
- Ida Tarbell
- muckraker who targeted the unfair practices of big business. Her articles about the standard oil company led to demands for tighter controls on trust.
- Civil Service
- included all federal jobs except elected positions and the armed forces.
- Did the progressives achieve their goals?
- Yes, The progressives did achieve their goals. Two examples are the Nineteenth Amendment and the Sixteenth Amendment. Woman played leading roles in the Progressive Era. They believed that woman were equal to men. They sought out the right to vote and increased social influence.
- Grover Cleveland
- Signed the Interstate Commerce act, this law forbade practices such as pools and rebates.
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- Spoke powerfully in favor of suffrage, worked as a school principal and a reporter ., became head of the National American Woman Suffrage, an inspiried speaker and abrilliant organizer. Devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of suffrage.
- Theodore Roosevelt
- a New York politician, who loved the outdoors, became vice president then shortly after President. He set up trust, square deals, pure food and drug act. Interested in national parks and reservations.
- Frances Willard
- became leader of the WCTU. She worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws banning the sale of liquor. Also worked to outlaw saloons as step towards strengthening democracy.
- What was the graduateed income tax? Was it supported? Why?
- taxed people form different income rates. The wealthy paid taxes at a higher rate than the poor and middle class. In 1895 Supreme court ruled it unfair but soon most progressives supported it and in 1913 the 16th amendment gave congress the right to impose income tax. It was supported because it was thought to be fair
- Robert La Follette
- progressive who's fighting spirit won the nickname "Battling Bob." He was elected governor. He introduced a statewide program of progressive reforms called the Wisconsin Ide
- John Dewy
- progressive, and educator. He wanted schools to promote reform. He stressed the fact to learn democratic values.
- What new rights and opportunities did women win during the progressive period?
- Women gained the right to vote in 1919 with the Nineteenth Amendment. Women also managed to get higher education in order to get the professions they wanted. Many women of this period also supported and imposed the temperance movement, but that did not last long.
- Booker T. Washington
- offered one answer to the question of how to fight discrimination. In his novel Up from Slavery. He urged African Americans to work patiently and move upward slowly, he told them to learn trades and earn money.
- How did muckrakers help bring about reform?
- Many muckrakers changed the public opinions. For years middle class people had ignored the need for reform, until they saw how corruption affected the nation. They then joined the muckrakers to demand change. Ida Tarbell targeted practices of big business. Her articles led to the demands for tighter control on trust. Upton Sinclair shocked everyone when he published "The Jungle". It revealed gruesome details about the meatpacking Industry. This led to more sufficient inspections.
- What were American citizens, and politicans concerned with during the gilded age?
- American's feared that bankers, industrial, an other men of wealth were gaining control of politics an overpowering the interest of the public. 2nd was they worried about political corruptio
- Lincoln Steffens
- in 1909 joined with Du Bois, Jane Adam, and other reformers to form the NAACP. They worked to gain equal rights for African America
- Wisconsin Idea
- La Follete in 1900 was elected and introduced a state wide program of prgressive reform this plan lowered railroad rates, the result was the increased railroad traffic which helped both railroad owners and customers.
- What was a main reason that city governments were so easily corruptible?
- The main reason why the cities governments were so corrupted was due to cit bosses gaining votes from the poor due to helping them, patronage (government giving jobs to loyal supporters). They would hand out jobs freely; politicians guaranteed ties with supporters and increased their control of the government. This often led to corruption because the people received the jobs and had no clue or skills for their job, and also because public money was taken.
- What Did President Roosevelt support during his presidency?
- Roosevelt supported progressives and wanted to protect the public interest (good of the people). He thought that bad trust should be controlled or broken up by government and good trust shouldn't be broken up. He passed the Elkins Act to ban rebates. When he finished reading Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle" he saw the truth of the meat packing industries and passed the Meat Inspection Act & Poor Food and Drug Act. He loved the outdoors and believed in conservation and made over 170,00 acres of national acres since he loved to hunt .
- Bennjamin Harrison
- SIgned the Sherman Anti-trust act , this act prohibited tust or other business from limiting competition [ railroads & monoplying industries].