ch. 5 set 2
Terms
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- helots
- people conquered by the Spartansand were forced to work for the Spartans; became slaves for them and made up greatly outnumbered the Spartans
- Direct Democracy
- where all citizens participated directly in making descisions (under Cleisthenes)
- Pericles
- a great general, orator, and stateman who held public office for many years
- Results of Peloponnesian War
- Athens lost to Sparta and was reduced to being second-rate power in Greece; Greece was politically unstable and wars between city-states continued and felt only a foreign power could unite Greece
- Spartan Government
- two kings were the head of the government;Council of Elders who proposed laws and served as a criminal court; and assembly that voted to accept of reject laws proposed by the Council
- Xerxes
- son of Dariusthat led another huge Persian army and fleet against Greece
- Rhetoric
- study of oratory, or public speaking, and debating
- ethics
- deals with what is good and bad, and moral duty
- Athens
- city-state located on the Attic Peninsula, not fertile and turned to the sea
- Persian wars
- series of conflicts between Greece and Persia
- Sophists
- men who opened schools for older boys where they would study government, math, ethics, and rhetoric
- Representative Democracy
- citizens elect rpresentatinves to govern them (U.S)
- peisistratus
- ruled over Athens as a tyrant; improved economy but clashed with nobles
- ephors
- five people who were elected by the assembly and could serve up to 2 one year terms; made sure king stayed within laws and controlled education of young Spartans
- Cleisthenes
- seized power in Athensand turned it into a democracy
- Pedagogue
- man slave who taught a young boy manners
- Draco
- archon who is believed to have created Athen's first written code of laws that were harsh and severe
- Solon
- an archon who settled the disputes betweencreditors and debtors by erasing the debts of the poor and outlawing slavery for debt
- Terracing
- carving small, flat plots of landfrom hillsieds
- Sparta
- invaders from the North and forced many of the people they conquered to work for them; it was a city-state built in a valley and became a rigid and highly militarized society
- Battle of Thermopylae
- the battle at which the Spartans (who were greatly outnumbered and refused to surrender) bravely fought and held off the Persians until they were all killed
- Peloponnesian War
- the war that broke off between the Greek city-states (mainly between Sparta and Athens) that took place for 27 years
- Delian League
- an alliance of city-states with Athens as its leader