Ch. 5 Set 2
Terms
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- Draco
- created Athen's first written law code
- Spartan government
- two kings were at the head; one led the army while the other took care of matters at home; Council of Elders was made up of 28 wealthy aristocratic men that proposed laws and served as a criminal court; assembly that included all male citizens over 30 who voted to accept or reject laws proposed by the Council of Elders; assembly elected five ephors for one-year terms who made sure that the kings stayed within the law and had complete control over the education of young Spartans
- Xerxes
- Darius' son who led a Persian army
- Sophists
- opened schools for older boys to study government, mathematics, ethics, and rhetoric
- direct democracy
- force of democracy in which all citizens participate directly in making decistions
- Battle of Thermopylae
- Greek city-states united to stop the Persians; Persians advanced through the narrow mountain pass of Thermopylae and were met by 300 Spartans; Persians found another way through the mountains and surrounded the Greeks; the Spartans refused to surrender and fought till they were all killed
- Cleisthenes
- turned Athens into a democracy
- Macedonia
- land conquered by Darius
- Peisistratus
- ruled over Athens as a tyrant and inproved the economy with clashing with the nobles
- Pericles
- a leader in Athen who was a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office and was active in public life
- Solon
- settled the disputes between creditors and debtors by erasing the debts of the poor and outlawing slavery for debt
- Persian Wars
- began when Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Persians
- ephors
- five officials who were elected for one-year terms to make sure that the king stayed within the law
- representative democracy
- force of government in which citizens elect representatives to run the government for them, rather than each citizen serving directly in government
- Peloponnesian War
- began because Pericles failed to unite Greece under Athens and discontent grew; quarrels over trade divided Athens and Corinth and tensions grew between Athens and Sparta
- results of the Peloponnesian War
- Greece was politically unstable; Sparta and Thebes tried to control all of Greece and were defeated and wars between city-states continued; felt that only foreign power could unite Greece
- Sparta
- located in a valley that was not surrounded by walls for defense
- ethics
- study of what is good or bad, and of moral duty
- Athens
- located on the Attic Peninsula, one of the least fertile areas in Greece; turned to the sea and became sea traders; built city inland to protect it from pirates and constructed Piraeus as its special port; during times of war, people took refuge inside the city's strong walls
- helots
- the conquered people that were forced to work for the invaders of Sparta
- rhetoric
- study of public speaking and debating
- terracing
- carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides to use for farming
- pedagogue
- a male slave who taught a young boy manners
- Delian League
- an alliance of city-states led by Athens