The Sensation of Vision
Terms
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- the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth.
- hue
- the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.
- blind Spot
- the frequency of light waves, which determines the color we see.
- wavelength
- the 125 million cells located outside the center of the retina that transduce light waves into neural impulses, thereby coding information about light and dark.
- rods
- the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green.
- opponent-process theory
- eight visual cues that can be seen with one eye and that allow us to perceive depth.
- monocular cues
- the central spot of the retina, which contains the greatest concentration of cones.
- fovea
- a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.
- iris
- the area in the brain where the optic nerves cross.
- optic chiasm
- the sharpness of vision
- acuity
- the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
- accommodation
- the nerve that carries neural messages about vision to the brain.
- optic nerve
- perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
- color constancy
- the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave’s amplitude.
- intensity
- the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue - which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.
- Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
- the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
- pupil
- the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
- lens
- the area at the back of the eye on which images are formed and that contains the rods and cones.
- retina
- conversion of stimulus energy(sights, sounds, and smells) to neural message(Impulse).
- transduction
- regaining sensitivity of the eye to bright light following an abrupt increase in overall illumination.
- light adaptation
- the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue - which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.
- trichromatic theory
- a condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects because distant objects focus in front of the retina.
- nearsightedness
- increased sensitivity of the eye in semidarkness following an abrupt reduction in overall illumination.
- dark adaptation
- a form of energy including electricity, radio waves, and X rays, of which visible light is a part.
- electromagnetic radiation
- the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision.
- parallel processing
- nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement.
- feature detectors
- a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina.
- farsightedness