Biology - Chapter 7 2
Terms
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Stephen Fyler 7.1
The first scientist to describe living cells as seen through a simple microscope. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Hooke -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Uses two or more glass lenses to magnify either living cells or prepared slides. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
compound light microscope -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
A scientist who observed that cork was composed of tiny, hollow boxes that he called cells. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
van Leeuwenhoek -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
A scientist who concluded that all plants are composed of cells. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Schleiden -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
A scientist who concluded that all animals are composed of cells. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Schwann -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
The microscope that allowed scientists to view molecules. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
electron microscope -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Organisms that have cells lacking internal membrane-bound strutures. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
prokaryotes -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Do not have a nucleus. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
prokaryotes -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Are either single-celled or made up of many cells. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
eukaryotes -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Generally are single-celled organisms. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
prokaryotes -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
Organisms that have cells containing organelles. -
Stephen Fyler 7.1
eukaryotes -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
Living cells maintain __________ by controlling materials that enter and leave. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
balance -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
Without this ability, the cell cannot maintain _________ and will die. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
homeostasis -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
The cell must regulate internal concentrations of water, _______, and other nutrients and must eliminate waste products. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
glucose -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
Homeostasis in a cell is maintained by the __________, which allows only certain particles to pass through and keeps other particles out. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
plasma membrane -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
This property of a membrane is known as __________. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
selective permeability -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
It allows different cells to carry on different activities within the same _________. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
organism -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
The structure and properties of the cell wall allow the plasma membrane to be selective and maintain homeostasis. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
The plasma membrane is a bilayer of lipid molecules with protein molecules embedded in it. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
A phospholipid molecule has a nonpolar, water-insoluble head attached to a long polar, soluble tail. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as a structure that is liquid and very rigid. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
false - it is flexible -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
Eukaryotic plasma membranes can contain cholesterol, which tends to make the membrane more stable. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
Transport proteins span the cell membrane, allowing the selectively permeable membrane to regulate which molecules enter and leave a cell. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
Proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane attach the membrane to the cell's support structure, making the cell rigid. -
Stephen Fyler 7.2
false - it makes the cell flexible -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
A membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
plasma membrane -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
golgi apparatus -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
The sites of protein synthesis -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
ribosomes -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
The clear fluid inside the cell. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
cytoplasm -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Organelle that manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
nucleus -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
chloroplast -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
lysosomes -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Small bumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
ribosomes -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes, and waste products. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
vacuoles -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
cell wall -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Produce a usable form of energy for the cell. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
mitochondria -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Modifies proteins chemcially, then repackages them. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
golgi apparatus -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
contains inner membranes arranged in stacks of membranous sacs called grana. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
thylakoid membrane -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Plant organelles that store starches or lipids or that contain pigments. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
plastids -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Cells have a support structure within the *cytoplasm* called the cytoskeleton. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
The *exoskeleton* is composed of thin, fibrous elements that form a framework for the cell. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
false - cytoskeleton -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
*Microtubles* of the cytoskeleton are thin, hollow cylinders made of protein. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
true -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Cilia and flagella are cell surface structures that are adapted for *respiration*. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
false - locomotion or feeding -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
*Flagella* are short, numerous, hairlike projections from the plasma membrane. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
false - cilia -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
Flagella are longer and *more* numerous than cilia. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
false - less -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
In *multicellular* organisms, cilia and flagella are the major means of locomotion. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
false - unicellular -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
In *prokaryotic* cells, both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules. -
Stephen Fyler 7.3
false - eukaryotic