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Biology - Chapter 7 2

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Stephen Fyler 7.1


The first scientist to describe living cells as seen through a simple microscope.
Stephen Fyler 7.1


Hooke
Stephen Fyler 7.1


Uses two or more glass lenses to magnify either living cells or prepared slides.
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compound light microscope
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A scientist who observed that cork was composed of tiny, hollow boxes that he called cells.
Stephen Fyler 7.1


van Leeuwenhoek
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A scientist who concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
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Schleiden
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A scientist who concluded that all animals are composed of cells.
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Schwann
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The microscope that allowed scientists to view molecules.
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electron microscope
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Organisms that have cells lacking internal membrane-bound strutures.
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prokaryotes
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Do not have a nucleus.
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prokaryotes
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Are either single-celled or made up of many cells.
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eukaryotes
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Generally are single-celled organisms.
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prokaryotes
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Organisms that have cells containing organelles.
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eukaryotes
Stephen Fyler 7.2


Living cells maintain __________ by controlling materials that enter and leave.
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balance
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Without this ability, the cell cannot maintain _________ and will die.
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homeostasis
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The cell must regulate internal concentrations of water, _______, and other nutrients and must eliminate waste products.
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glucose
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Homeostasis in a cell is maintained by the __________, which allows only certain particles to pass through and keeps other particles out.
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plasma membrane
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This property of a membrane is known as __________.
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selective permeability
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It allows different cells to carry on different activities within the same _________.
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organism
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The structure and properties of the cell wall allow the plasma membrane to be selective and maintain homeostasis.
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true
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The plasma membrane is a bilayer of lipid molecules with protein molecules embedded in it.
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true
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A phospholipid molecule has a nonpolar, water-insoluble head attached to a long polar, soluble tail.
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true
Stephen Fyler 7.2


The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as a structure that is liquid and very rigid.
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false - it is flexible
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Eukaryotic plasma membranes can contain cholesterol, which tends to make the membrane more stable.
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true
Stephen Fyler 7.2


Transport proteins span the cell membrane, allowing the selectively permeable membrane to regulate which molecules enter and leave a cell.
Stephen Fyler 7.2


true
Stephen Fyler 7.2


Proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane attach the membrane to the cell's support structure, making the cell rigid.
Stephen Fyler 7.2


false - it makes the cell flexible
Stephen Fyler 7.3


A membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac.
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plasma membrane
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Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs.
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golgi apparatus
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The sites of protein synthesis
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ribosomes
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A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm.
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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The clear fluid inside the cell.
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cytoplasm
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Organelle that manages cell functions in eukaryotic cell.
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nucleus
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Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color.
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chloroplast
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Digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria.
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lysosomes
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Small bumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum.
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ribosomes
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Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes, and waste products.
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vacuoles
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Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists.
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cell wall
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Produce a usable form of energy for the cell.
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mitochondria
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Modifies proteins chemcially, then repackages them.
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golgi apparatus
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contains inner membranes arranged in stacks of membranous sacs called grana.
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thylakoid membrane
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Plant organelles that store starches or lipids or that contain pigments.
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plastids
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Cells have a support structure within the *cytoplasm* called the cytoskeleton.
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true
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The *exoskeleton* is composed of thin, fibrous elements that form a framework for the cell.
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false - cytoskeleton
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*Microtubles* of the cytoskeleton are thin, hollow cylinders made of protein.
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true
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Cilia and flagella are cell surface structures that are adapted for *respiration*.
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false - locomotion or feeding
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*Flagella* are short, numerous, hairlike projections from the plasma membrane.
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false - cilia
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Flagella are longer and *more* numerous than cilia.
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false - less
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In *multicellular* organisms, cilia and flagella are the major means of locomotion.
Stephen Fyler 7.3


false - unicellular
Stephen Fyler 7.3


In *prokaryotic* cells, both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.
Stephen Fyler 7.3


false - eukaryotic

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