Embryology Ch 7
Terms
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- Reflecting the origin of mammals from fish and amphibians, the term "branchial" refers to:
- Gills
- Forms the inferior border of the first branchial groove:
- second branchial arch
- Forms the superior border of the of the first pharyngeal pouch:
- Mandibular process, first branchial (mandibular) arch
- Forms the hyoid bone:
- Second branichial arch
- Contributes to the epiglottis:
- Third and fourth branchial arches
- Prominent contributer to the jaw:
- Mandibular process, first branchial (mandibular) arch
- The mesoderm of the head that contributes to the branchial arches is:
- ectomesenchyme
- Ectomesenchyme is unique because of its contribution from:
- neural crest
- Also known as the tubotympanic recess:
- Frist pharyngeal pouch
- Becomes the palatine tonsil and the tonsilar crypts:
- Second pharyngeal pouch
- Forms the inferior parathyroid gland:
- Third pharyngeal pouch
- Forms the superior parathyroid gland:
- Fourth pharyngeal pouch
- Its branchial membrane forms the tympanic membrane:
- First pharyngeal pouch
- The remnant of the thyroglossal duct is the:
- Foramen cecum
- The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is formed by the:
- tongue buds
- The nasal placodes invaginate to demarcate the:
- medial and lateral nasal prominences
- The oronasal membrane breaks down posteriorly, but remains intact anteriorly to form the:
- Primitive palate
- Abnormal facies including bilateral small jaw and ear anomalies, down-slanting palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia (hollow cheeks):
- Treacher Collins Syndrome
- Faulty fusion of the nasal and maxillary processes:
- cleft lip, most common form
- Faulty fusion of the lateral palatine processes
- cleft palate
- Asymmetric facies with small jaw and ear anomalies on one side:
- Hemifacial microsomia
- Normal facies with small jaw and posterior cleft palate:
- Pierre Robin sequence
- Autosomal dominant disorder:
- Treacher Collins syndrome
- Associated with airway obstruction when sleeping supine:
- Pierre Robin sequence
- Look at images for qustions 25-28
- Look at images for qustions 25-28
- A 2 week old child presents with a malformed right ear and a small right jaw (7.1A). The parents ask if these two anomalies constitute a syndrome that requires chromosomal analysis. Your answer is:
- No, because unilateral ear and jaw development are related in that they derive from the first and second branchial arches.
- Abnormal facies with prominent nose, velopalatine incompetence, developmental disabilities or schizophrenia.
- Shprintzen syndrome
- Malformed ear and jaw, occular, vertebral and limb anomalies
- goldenhar syndrome
- Anomaly of the third and fourth phryngeal pouches.
- hypoparathyroidism and immune deficiency
- heart defect reflecting branchial arch contribution
- Tetraology of fallot
- Interrupted aortic arch, facial changes, hypoparathyroisism, and immune deficiency
- DiGeorge anomaly
- Associated with deletion of 23q11 (four answers)
- Shprintzen syndrome, DiGeorge anomaly, hypoparathyroidism and immune deficiency, Tetraology of fallot
- Incomplete descent of the gland
- lingual thyroid
- Ventral portion becomes thyroid gland
- thyroid diverticulum
- opening posterior to tongue
- foramen cecum
- secretes thyroid hormone
- thyroid follicle
- proximal portion eventually degenerates
- thyroid diverticulum