apsych ch 9
Terms
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- specific need or desire, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-directed behavior
- motive
- feeling, such as fear, joy, or surprise, that underlies behavior
- emotion
- inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of an eniter species
- instinct
- state of tension or arousal that motivates behavior
- drive
- theory that motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of bodily tension or arousal and returning the organism to homeostasis
- drive-reduction theory
- state of balance and stability in which the organism functions effectively
- homestasis
- an unlearned drive, such as hunger, that is based on a physiological state
- primary drive
- a learned drive, such as ambition, that is not based on a physiological state
- secondary drive
- theory of motivation that propose organisms seek an optimal level or arousal
- arousal theory
- States that theere is an optimal level or arousal for best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates
- Yerkes-Dodson law
- external stimulus that prompts goal-directed behavior
- incentive
- a desire to perform a behavior that stems from behavior performed
- intrinsic motivation
- a desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment
- extrinsic motivation
- a serious eating disorder that is associated with intense fear of weight gain and a distorted body image
- anorexia nervosa
- an eating disorder characterized by binges of eating followed by self-induced vomiting
- bulimia
- the primary male sex hormone
- testosterone
- behavior aimed at doing harm to others; also the motive to behave aggressivley
- aggression
- the need to excel, to overcome obstacles
- achievement motive
- the need to be with others
- affiliation motive
- order of Maslow's hierarchy or needs
- physiological needs > safety needs > belongingness needs > esteem needs > self-actualization needs
- plutchiks eight basic emotions
- anger, disgust, sadness, surprise, fear, acceptance, joy, anticipation
- states that stimuli cause physiological changes in our bodies, and emotions result from those physiological changes
- James-Lange theory
- states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes
- Cannon-Bard theory
- states that emotional experience depends on one's perception or judgement of the situation one is in
- Cognitive theory
- culture-specific rules that govern how, when, and why expressions of emotion are appropriate
- display rules