Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
Terms
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
CO2
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+2 O
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
CH2O
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2 O
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
HCO3-
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4 I
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
C2H6
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2 O
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
C12H24O12
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12 O
- pH problems
- work them now
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
C8H16
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-2 O
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
C6H12O6
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O O
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Oxidation number and organic or inorganic:
H2CO3
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4 I
- N2
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O I
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coral is composed of the mineral ______
- Calcium (check)
- Stone mountain is mainly of the rock _____
- granite
- the Hawaiian Islands are composed mainly of the rock
- basalt
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an example of an evaporate mineral is
- halite, gypsum
- name a mineral commonly found in basalts
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olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase
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name a mineral commonly found in granites
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feldspar, quartz, and mica
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what types of minerals that you would expect to erode rapidly
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halite, talc, gypsum
- what kind of minerals would you expect to erode slowly
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quartz, feldspars, diamonds
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what types of minerals are found beneath the Mediterranean? why are they there?
*bonus* what is the definition of a Mediterranean sea?
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evaporates: gypsu, anhydrite
they are there due to a large sea water evaporation rate and low precipitation.
In oceanography, a mediterranean sea
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on a pH scale, ocean water is slightly ______
why?
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Basic
because of the carbonate buffer system in the water
on a pH scale, rainwater is slightly _______
why?
Acidic
the fair amount of CO2 in the atmosphere makes the water slightly acidic
&
- mercury levels in predator fish are rising throughout the world. how does this happen?
The majority of mercury pollution comes from industrial emissions, especially from the burning of fossil fuels--particularly high-
you are at a seismograph station and record an earthquake that is 2500km away. what is the difference between the S and P wave arrival time?
assume the P wave velocity is 10 m/s and S wave velocity of 5 m/s
P wave:
2500 km x 1000m/1km x 1 s/ 10 m= 250000s
S wave:
2500 km x 1000m/ 1km x 1 s / 5 m= 500000s
500000-250000=250000s
if you notice any errors on these cards please let me know so I can tel
- The horizontal motion of the ocean is driven by wind. What key factors drive the vertical motion of the ocean? what is the time scale for the vertical motion?
the vertical motion of the ocean is mostly due to the biological pump
see bio
- how does photosynthesis export atmospheric CO2 to the Deep ocean?
see biological pump
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c287/cyndith3bandg33k/biologicalpump-1.jpg
- Describe how the green house effect warms the earth
The Greenhouse effect is the natural mechanism by which the surface of a planet is warmed by IR absorbing gases (most important are water vapor and carbon dioxide) in its atmosphere.
basically, the gases hold the heat in. Remember th
- An air parcel rises in the atmosphere and a cloud forms containing 2 kg of liquid water. Does the condensation heat or cool the air? How much energy is transferred to the air?
it would cool the air since water vapor is the most important green house gas. Once it condensed it would stop holding on to those gases.
energy? 2kg x 1000g/1kg x 2500 J/g= 5000000J?
I'm not so sure, am I right?
Venus is approximately twice as close to the Sun and the Earth and has a radius of 5000km.
what is the intensity of radiation from the sun just above Venus?
Estimate the temperature of Venus assuming the albedo is zero? (answer will b
see 13 a
http://s29.photobucket.com/albums/c287/cyndith3bandg33k/?action=view¤t=13a-1.jpgsee 13 b
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c287/cyndith3bandg33k/13b.jpg
see 13 c
http://i29.photobucket.What is the density of the air in Boulder, CO?
(Boulder is 5300ft above sea level and has an average temp of 10 C )
P1=P2exp(-z/h)
1 atm=P2e^(-5300km/8km)
P2= 0.012075
P=(density)RmT where Rm=287 J/K kg
(.012075)/[(287)(283K)=density=
*always remember to use Kelvin
if I did this wrong let me know
- If the current population of China is 2 billion an the growth rate is 1% per year, what will the population be in 2050?
- Pop(t)=Pop(to) e^rt
- Why does the temperature of the stratosphere increase with altitude?
- The stratosphere contains most of the worlds ozone and contains nearly no water vapor. The Atmosphere is heated most where the most heat is absorbed which is in the Ozone layer. the reason the upper layer of the stratosphere is warmer is becau
Draw a systems diagram with the following components 1) Antarctica 2) Ice
the variables that describe these components are temperature and percentage of ice cover
draw couplings and indicate whether it is a positive feedback or a negative&n
- http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c287/cyndith3bandg33k/Iceicebaby.jpg
Define both latent and sensible heat.
give examples
latent: the heat energy released or absorbed during the transition from one phase to another, such as when water evaporates
sensible heat: the energy associated with the thermal motion of air molecules (air temperature)
- what is upwelling and where is it found?
- it occurs when divergence occurs at the surface of the water and water must rise from below to replace it. This process brings nutrients to the surface.
- explain the formation of North Atlantic Deep water
- The gulf stream transports warm water northward along the coast of the U. when it reaches mid-latitudes where atmospheric pressure is high, water evaproates in higher rate than precipitation occurs, increasing salinity. Further north this salty water cool
- why is CO2 at a minimum and O2 at a maximum near the surface of the ocean? What are iron levels like near the surface?
- Phytoplankton use the CO2 in photosynthesis near the surface of the ocean. They also "exhale" the O2 explaining the high levels of it. very high since Ferrous iron is disolvable in seawater
- Two mechanisms by which mountains are formed. Give an example of each
convergent-convergent boundaries between two continental plates (Himalayas)
divergent-convergent plate boundary where an oceanic plate sinks beneath a continental plate (the Andes Mountains)
describe a mechanism that will impact climate on a long time scale (more than a thousand years). State if the mechanism is warming or cooling.
- 1
Carbon cycle picture:
http://i29.photobucket.com/albums/c287/cyndith3bandg33k/carboncycle.jpg
what is the residence time in the ocean biosphere?
how long will it take for the ocean biosphere to come in to steady state with the atmosph
- deforestation
- atmosphere
- land biosphere
- surface ocean
- Dead land biosphere
- Ocean Biosphere
- Deep Ocean
- Fossil Fuel Burning
- Organic Sediments
- Carbonate Sediment
- what are tradewinds?
- east winds that blow steadily in the tropics due to the circulation in the equatorial Hadley Cell
- the more oxidized a solution is
- the more energy it produces
- The Joule is a unit of energy. Express the joule in mks units
- kg m^2/ s^2
- the microbe colony in your toilet is growing at a rate of 7 % per day. How long will it take for the colony to double in size?
- 10 days
- Mt. Pinatubo erupted in June 1991 which led to 1992 being the coldest year in the last part of the 20th century. Why?
- albedo of the planet was increased