Chapter 19 - An Era of Expansion and Reform
Terms
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- the movement led by Britian to end the slave trade and eventually slavery throughout the world
- abolition movement
- the religious rivival that occurred in Britian in the late 1700s that emphasized the importance of moral conduct in their lives
- evangelical movement
- Protestants that did not belong to the Church of England
- nonconformists
- the law passed by Parliament the prohibited children under the age of 9 to work in the factories or mines
- Factory Act of 1819
- the law passed by Parliament that limited the hours and uses of women and children in factories and mines
- Factory Act of 1833
- the law passed by Parliament that prohibited women and children from working in mines and factories all together
- Factory Act of 1842
- a British socialist factory owner that argued in Parliament for laws limiting the use of children in factories
- Robert Owen
- the movement that changed the way people thought that paved the way for the abolition movement
- Enlightenment
- a representative assembly in England that consisted of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. They were often the ones who created laws.
- Parliament
- the branch of Parliament that is not elected by the people
- House of Lords
- the branch of Parliamnet that is elected by the people
- House of Commons
- a law that gave industrial cities representation and it gave middle-class men the right to vote
- Reform Bill of 1832
- the man who drew up a reform plan in response to the Reform Bill of 1832 called the People's Charter
- William Lovett
- a reform plan by William Lovett that called for universal manhood suffrage and equal electoral districts to create equal representation
- People's Charter
- people who followed Lovett's ideas about equal representation in governmnet
- Chartists
- the law that gave industrial cities representation in Parliament for the first time
- Reform Bill of 1832
- the law that forced able-bodied poor people to work in workhouses, ending a system of financial aid to supplement low wages. It provided education for poor children and care for the sick and elderly.
- Poor Law of 1834
- the leader of the Conservatives
- Benjamin Disraeli
- the leader of the Liberals
- William Gladstone
- a man who supported the women's sufferage movement
- John Stuart Mill
- a leader of the women's sufferage movement that created the WSPU (Women's Social and Political Union)
- Emmeline Pankhurst
- the man who suggested the idea of installing efficient draining systems, modern sewers, and regular garbage collection
- Sir Edwin Chadwick
- the belief in the People's Charter (equal representation in government)
- Chartism
- laws that kept the price of corn high by limiting the importation of cheap foreign grains
- Corn Laws
- the movement that called for the repeal of the Corn Laws
- Anti-Corn Law League
- the political party that wanted to preserve tradition while slowly accepting modern reforms. They made a reform giving votes to most male heads of households
- Conservatives
- the struggle for women to be allowed to vote
- women's sufferage
- the union created by Emmeline Pankhurst that protested in order to recieve the right to vote
- Women's Social and Political Union
- the term used for women who fought for the women's right to vote
- suffragette
- places where the working-class and the middle-class could go together to interact in hopes that the working-class would absorb the middle-class' values and escape their poverty
- settlement houses
- an accurate timekeeping instrument that helped sailors pinpoint their exact position on the globe
- chronometer
- an explorer who introduced the islands Hawaii and Tahiti
- Captain James Cook
- the first Dutch explorer who made Europeans aware of Australia and New Zealand
- Abel Tasman
- a government where the officials were fully responsible to the colonial voters
- responsible government
- the person that the British sent to Canada to be the governor-general
- Lord Durham
- a loose union
- confederation
- loyalty to a particular part of a country
- sectionalism
- a self-governing colony
- dominion
- the original inhabitants of Australia
- Aborigines
- the act that made Canada Britian's first dominion
- British North American Act (1867)
- this did not let the Asians participate in democracy
- "White Australia" policy
- the natives of New Zealand
- Maori
- the law passed by Congress that only allowed slavery in southern territoies
- Missouri Compromise
- a group of prominent abolitionists formed in 1833
- American Anti-Slavery Society
- when the United States expanded beyond the Mississippi River. This led to the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed here.
- Louisiana Purchase
- a group of people who came to America for religious freedom and protested the institution of slavery
- Quakers
- the law issued by President Lincoln in January 1863 freeing all of the slaves
- Emancipation Proclamation
- the period of rebuilding in the South following the Civil War
- Reconstruction
- laws passed by many southern states that were designed to enforce racial segregation
- Jim Crow laws
- A member of the American Anti-Slavery Society who was a fugitive slave whose powerful words inspired many to join the cause
- Frederick Douglass
- A member of the American Anti- Slavery Society that was a journalist
- William Lloyd Garrison
- A member of the American Anti- Slavery Society who was a former slave who campaigned both for abolition and for women's rights
- Sojourner Truth
- the president who issued the Emancipation Proclamation
- Abraham Lincoln
- the first women's rights convention in the United States that drew up the Declaration of Sentiments (a document about women's right on political issues)
- Seneca Falls Convention
- the second convention in the United States where a little boy snuck in who became the governor of virginia
- Salem, Ohio Convention
- a group of women led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony who tried to get the right to vote for women peacefully
- National American Woman Suffrage Association
- a group of women led by Alice Paul who worked to get the women's right to vote with protests, picketing, and hunger strikes
- National Women's Party
- the amendment to the constitution that gave women the right to vote in 1920
- 19th Amendment
- the immigrants coming from the countries of the British Isles, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries (before 1880s)
- "old immagrants"
- the immigrants coming from the countries of Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary
- "new immigrants"
- schools funded by the government
- public schools
- schools paid for by the students
- private schools
- the women who organized the first women's rights convention in the United States
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
- the leaders of the National American Women Suffrage Association
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
- the leader of the National Women's Party
- Alice Paul
- places where the poor could go to recieve day care, emplyment assistance, and adult education. One of the first was called Hull House
- settlement houses
- the Democratic party machine in New York City
- Tammany Hall
- this allowed voters to select their party's candidate for election
- direct primary
- this let voters cast their ballots without pressure from political machines
- secret ballot
- an election reform that allows voters to introduce legislation
- initiative
- an election reform that compels the legislature to vote on an initiative
- referendum
- an election reform that allows voters to remove an elected official from office by calling for a new election
- recall
- the world's richest man at that time
- Andrew Carneigie
- a cartoonist for Harper's Weekly
- Thomas Nast
- the man targeted by Thomas Nast in political cartoons
- Boss Tweed
- the law that discouraged Asians from immigrating to Australia by requiring them to pass a test in the knowledge of the European language
- Immigration Restriction Law of 1901
- a law passed by Congress that prohibited companies from creating monopolies to gain control over entire industries
- Sherman Antitrust Act
- the company that had a tragic fire where many lives were lost. This company was what triggered safety regulations in New York.
- Triangle Shirtwaist Company
- groups of workers that join together in an organization
- labor unions
- the group of workers that embraced socialism and used tactics like strikes, boycotts, and industrial sabotage.
- Industrial Workers of the World
- the document that allowed all free men, including mlattoes, the right to vote
- Declaration of the Rights of Man
- people born in Europe
- peninsulares
- Europeans born in the colonies
- creoles
- people of mixed American Indian and European ancestry
- mestizos
- people of African and Spanish ancestry
- mulattoes
- a very large plantation
- haciendas
- the method that provided for the appointment of peninsulares as governors that would be loyal to the king
- intendancy system
- the document created by the president James Monroe that stated that the United States would not tolerate European military intervention in the Western Hemisphere
- Monroe Doctrine