Biology 101
Terms
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- F2
- the immediate progeny of a mating between members of the F1 genetation
- particulate theory
- genes are physical entities that retain their identities after fertilization
- test cross
- mating of a dominant-phenotype individual with a homozygous-recessive individual
- wild-type
- standard or reference type.
- dihybrid cross
- a mating in which the parents differ with respect to the alleles of two loci of interest
- epistasis
- interaction between genes in which the presence of a particular allele of one gene determines whether another gene will be expressed
- allele
- the alternate forms of genetic character found at a given locus
- recipricol crosses
- a pair of matings in one of which a female of genotype A mates with a male of genotype B and in the other of which a female of genotype B mates with a male of geotype A
- punnet square
- a method of prediction the results of a genetic cross by arranging the gametes of each parent at the edges of a sqaure
- independent assortment
- during meiosis, te random seperation of genes carried on nonhomologous chromosomes.
- Mendel's Second law is called
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Carrier
- a person heterozygous for a recessive trait
- inbreeding
- breeding among close relatives
- F1
- first filial generation
- sex linkage
- the pattern of inheritance characteristic of genes located on the sex chromosomes of organisms that having a chromosomal mechanism for sex determination
- gene
- a unit of heredity. used here as a unit of genetic function which carries the information for a single polypeptide or RNA
- penetrance
- of a genotype, the proportion of individuals with that genotype who show the expected phenotype
- hemizygous
- in a diploid organism, having only one allele for a given trait, typically the case for X-linked genes in male mammals and Z-linked genes in female birds
- What does F2 stand for
- Second filial generation
- hertiable
- genetically influenced traits
- secondary sex determination
- formation of nongametic features of sex, such as external organs and body hair
- genome
- all the genes in a complete haploid set of chromosomes
- adenine
- a nitrogen-containing base found in nucleic acis, ATP, NAD and other compounds
- map unit
- the distance between two genes, a recombinant frequency of 0.01
- sex chromosome
- in organisms with chromosomal mechanism of sex determination, one of the chromosomes involved in sex determination
- polymorphic
- referring to a gene whose most frequent allele in a population is present less than 99% of the time
- heterosis
- situation in which heterozygous genotypes are superior to homozygous genotypes with respect to growth, survival, or fertility.
- primary sex determination
- genetic determination of a gametic sex, male or female
- Locus
- a specific location on a chroosome
- whats another name for heterosis
- hybrid vigor
- autosome
- any chromosome (in eukaryotes) other than a sex chromosome
- recessive
- an allele that does not determine phenotype in the presence of a dominant allele
- heterozygous
- having different alleles of a given gene on both homologous chromosomes
- true-breeding
- a genetic cross in which the same result occurs every time with the respect to the traist under consideration due to homozygous parents
- pedigree
- the pattern of transmission of a genetic trait withint a family
- codominance
- a condition in which two alleles at a locus produce different phenotypic effects and both effects appear heterozygotes
- trait
- one form of a character. example eye color
- monohybrid cross
- a mating in which the parents differ with respect to the alleles of only one locus of interest
- incomplete dominance
- condition in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes
- recombinant
- an individual, meiotic product, or single chromosome in which genetic materials originally present in two individuals end up in the same haploid complement of genes.
- What is F1
- the immediade progeny of parental (P) mating
- phenotype
- the overservable properties of an individual resulting from both genetic and environmental factors
- genotype
- an exact description of the genetic constitution of an individual, either with respec to a single trait or with respect to a larger set of traits
- mutation
- a detectable, hertiable change in the genetic material not caused by recombination
- recombinant frequency
- the proportion of offspring of a genetic cross that have phenotypes different from the parental phenotypes due to crossing over between linked genes during gamete formation
- genetic map
- the positions of genese along a chromosome as revealed by recombination frequencies
- expressivity
- the degree to which the presence of a particular allele of one gene determines whether another gene will be expressed
- Segregation
- separation of alleles, or of homologous chromosomes, from each other durnig meiosis so that each of the haploid daughter nuclei produced contains one or othe other member of the paior found in the diploid parent cell but never both.