Biology-Johnson-Raven, Ch 2
Terms
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- cytoskeleton
- meshlike network of several kinds of protein fibers which support the cell shape and anchor the organelles
- collagen
- most abundant protein in your body, a fibrous protein that forms the matrix of skin, ligaments, tendons and bones.
- cytoplasm
- everything inside the cell membrane except the cell's genetic material
- acid
- compound that forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
- electron
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-tiny particles spinning around the nucleus in an atom
-carry negative charge - cilia
- flagella which are numerous, shorter, and organized in tightly packed rows
- glycogen
- longer chains of glucose-containing fragments broken down from starch in digestive process
- amino acid
- building block of proteins--20 different kinds used by humans
- compound
-
-group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
-represented by chemical formulas like NaCl (table salt) and H2O (water) - centriole
- cylindrical organelles formed by microtubules to help move chromosomes during cell division
- enzyme
- proteins which assist the chemical reactions of metabolism
- carbohydrate
-
composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in proportion of 1:2:1
General formula: (CH2O)n, were n is the number of carbon atoms - hydrogen bond
- -weak chemical bond that forms between two polar molecules
- cellulose
- major component of plant cell walls. Provides structural support for plants.
- DNA
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-deoxyribonucleic acid
-stores hereditary information in the cells - cell membrane
-
aka plasma membrane
all cells have one, it separates the cell's contents from materials outside the cell. Helps maintain homeostasis. - evolution
- change of organisms over time
- central vacuole
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-large internal storage space in plant cells, where plant cells store waste products, water and nutrients.
-creates rigidity for plant. - eukaryotic
-
-first cells with internal compartments
-evolved about 1.5 billion yrs ago
-have a nucleus and organelles - base
- any substance that ionizes to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases lower hydrogen ion concentration of water
- flagella
-
-long threadlike organelles which protrude from surface of many eukaryotic cells
-useful in locomotion - cell theory (3 parts)
-
1. all living things are composed of 1 or more cells
2. in organisms, cells are basic units of structure and function
3. cells are produced only from existing cells - element
-
-substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by ordinary chemical means
-there are over 100 elements, each denoted with a 1-,2-, or 3-letter symbol - atom
-
-cell's smallest components
-all living and nonliving things are composed of atoms
-cloud of electrons that spin around a nucleus - Golgi apparatus
-
-packaging and distribution center of the cell
-determine where a protein or lipid manufactured by the cell will go - chromosome
-
-DNA and associated proteins organized into rod-shaped structures
-cells of your body contain 46 chromosomes each except for egg or sperm cells (23), red blood cells (0), and some specialized tissues - endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
-
-extensive system of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells
-composed of lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
-creates channels between membranes - ion
- some atoms which react with other atoms to form particles with unequal numbers of electrons and protons
- ionic bond
- force of attraction between a positive and negative ion