BIO 7 - 9

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What is the importance of the enzyme phosphofructokinase?: Inhibits glycolysis if there's too much ATP or citraid.
Simulates glycolysis through AMP
What process forms the proton gradient in mitochondria?: ETC (Electron Transport Chain)
What is the purpose of the proton gradient?: Protons flow in ATP
Proton pump
Energy used to flow forms ATP
How many ATP are formed from the Krebs cycle using substrate level phosphorylation?: 2 ATPs per glucose, 1 per cycle
What kind of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer?: Small unchanged molecules
The cristae of the mitochondria is impermeable to protons except where?: ATP synthesizing enzyme
When fermentation occurs, why is the energy in NADH lost?: Pumps electrons/hydrogens in pyrovate
Energy is lost
NADH to NAD+
Dumps H
Creates waste
Name three products of glycolysis.: 2 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate
What is the name of the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle? What is the name of the first molecule made in the Krebs cycle?: Actyl coA, citric acid
What part of aerobic respiration generates the most ATP?: Electron Transport and Occidative Phospholation
Which stages is Carbon dioxide produced?: Krebbs and the bridge
What would you find on either side of the middle lamella?: Between Primary Cell Walls
What is the fluid part of the fluid-mosaic model?: Phospho lipid bilayer
What is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?: Integral and peripheral proteins
What is the significance of the evidence from the freeze fracture technique?: Integral proteins
What is the purpose of the glycolipids and glycoproteins on the surface of the cell membrane?: cell recognition
How come glucose but not sucrose could diffuse across a membrane?: Sucrose is dissacharide
Glucose is mono
Which organelle synthesizes enzymes?: Ribosomes
-make proteins
If a dialysis bag is in an isotonic solution, what will happen to its mass?: Nothing
If a dialysis bag is in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to its mass?: Lose mass
What is the function of the proton pump in cotransport?: Co-transport - sets up high radiant for protons to flow inward, pumps out H+
What is the contribution of Gorter and Grendel to Biology?: They discovered phospholipid bilayers
Two molecules thick!
How does the cytoskeleton attach to the cell membrane?: Attatches to an integral protein
What is the relationship of LDL receptors and hypercholersterolemia?: LDL binds to cell, making it lower, taking cholesterol out
What is the net gain of energy using fermentation?: Two ATPs
Does glycolysis require oxygen to be present?: No!
Where are most of the enzymes located to do oxidative phosphorylation?: Cristae
What is the ultimate electron acceptor in the oxidative phosphorylation? What molecule does it turn in to?: Oxygen, Water (H2O)
What are the products of animal fermentation?: lactic acid
What is the importance of the enzyme dehydrogenase?: Changes NAD+ to NADH
Name 3 things that mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common.: 2 membranes
Have their own single circular chromosome
Have their own ribosomes
How are the following related: grana, thylakoid CF1.: These are in chloroplasts
Thylakoid = inner, can be in stacks
Granna = stacks
CF1 = similar to proton pump, multiple CF1s in each grannum
What kind of cells has membranous organelles and allows for compartmentalization of functions and the placement of enzymes.: Eukaryotic
What is the equivalent of a gap junction in plant cells?: Plasmodium
They both allow for things to go from one cell to another
Which organelle besides the chloroplast secretes many polysaccharides?: Golgi Apparatus
Both secrete sugar
Which organelle helps to recycle the cell's organic material?: Lysosomes
Where does cell respiration take place?: Mitochondria
Which organelle is involved with storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs?: Lysosomes
Which organelle contains enzymes that convert fats to sugar?: Lysosomes
Which organelle contains cristae?: Mitochondria
Do microfilaments or microtubules participate in the formation of the cell cleavage furrow?: Microfilaments
The cytoskeleton is made mostly of ________?: microfilaments
Which organelle would make steroid hormones?: Endoplasmic Reticulum
lipids
Which organelle sorts out mixtures of substances and sends them to their proper destinations.: Golgi Apparatus
Which organelle assembles ribosomal precursors?: Nucleolus
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?: Lysosomes
What possesses a structure simular to a basal body?: Centrial

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