ch. 5
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- 84. Reason for population growth:
- up to 2.5 million people in colonies, slaves and immigrants inflated numbers, remarkable natural fertility, young people. many immigrants, many slaves, many babies (lots of reproducing).
- 84. Reasons that colonies wanted independence
- Social, economic, and political differences; population growth. big population growth, numerous ethnicities, given some freedoms (such as Salutory Neglect) early on.
- 84. Common features among colonies
- population growth, lack of professionals, natural fertility.
- 88. Scots-Irish characteristics
- superb frontiersmen in backcountry of MD, VA, SC, NC; picked fights with Indians, protested pro-Indian governments, supported Independence. frontiersman, lawless, no respect for England (revolutionaries).
- 88. Largest Ethnic Group:
- English/Anglo-Saxon, then African
- 89. Social mobility characteristics in Colonial America
- no titled nobility in colonies, easier to move up in class, on eve of Revolution there were more social barriers such as merchant class, orphans and widows from war. Everyone except slaves can move up, go from lower social status to higher.
- 90. Economic characteristics of colonial America:
- Southern wealth concentrated in large plantation owners, lower class swelled with indentured servants, very low class of paupers and convicts shipped to America, slaves were obviously lowest class. occupation: mostly farmers, some clergymen, some physicians, some lawyers.
- 93. Triangular Trade:
- Colonists sent crops, lumber, fish to Britain in exchange for manufactured goods. Colonists sent lumber and crops to West Indies in exchange for sugar, molasses, and slaves. Colonists sent rum to Africa in exchange for slaves (also slaves went to West Indies).
- 93. Molasses Act:
- British West Indies tradesmen urged it’s passing to stop colonists from trading with the French and other European countries, some kind of tax, lead to more smuggling.
- 93. Reason and effects of trade with other countries:
- we sent more raw materials than Britain needed and they were not sending enough raw materials so we smuggled and traded with other European nations. Started the whole deal of Britain passing acts that we ignored, protested against, or somehow smuggled around. Colonists traded with other countries b/c they needed more supplies for their giant population, so more money. They did gain money, but made Britain mad.
- 95. Reason for British support of Church of England in America
- major prop of kingly authority, official church in most of southern states, less fierce and more worldly. Britain supported the Church of England in America to maintain control over colonies. Church supported b/c it had been established in England, and was used as a major prop of kingly power.
- 97. Great Awakening
- rousing religion revival, Jonathan Edwards= delicate, salvation through good works; George Whitefield= crazy awesome speaker, human helplessness and divine omnipotence; whole thing lead to direct spirituality, schisms in churches, universities. A change from boring to captivating churches.
- 97. Education:
- universities mostly in New England, grim and gloomy for kids, emphasis on religion and classical languages, college education aimed at new class of preachers. Education was given to boys in Northeast, to learn to read the bible.
- 98. First American college free from religious or political control
- University of Pennsylvania.
- 100. “First Civilized American
- Ben Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanac 101. Zenger Trial: accused of sedition
- 101. Zenger Trial
- accused of sedition libel, defended by Andrew Hamilton, tried in Britain, declared not guilty, precedent in America that true slanderous statements are not considered libel. Zenger’s Newspaper assailed the corrupt royal governor, he was tried in court, found NOT guilty → freedom of the press.
- 102. Colonial Governors – who selected them, how and why:
- some were appointed by king and were sometimes corrupt, some appointed by proprietors, and some elected by popular election. King appointed 8 governors, proprietors appointed 3, legislatures voted for 2. They were chosen b/c they were able men, good soldiers, or related to the British aristocracy
- 102. Colonial Elections
- Voters were white, landowning males. Chapter 6