Colombian Encounters & Colonial Period Lecture, 18 enero
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- List 4 main peoples who ruled in Spain from 1000 BCE to 218 BCE (VERY general)
-
Phoenicians 1000-800 BCE
Greeks 600 BCE
Carthaginians 300 BCE
Romans 218 BCE -
-When did the reconquest occur?
- Who was it between?
- What kingdoms took safe?
- where did the early 8th century Muslims come from? -
- 8th century
- Christians and Muslims
- Castilla, Leon, Aragon, y Portugal
- North Africa -
-What happened in Spain in 1469?
-When did Isabel become Queen?
-When did Ferdinand become King?
-Who unified Spain and when? -
- Isabel (Castilla y Leon) y Ferdinand (Aragon, Catalonia y Valencia)
-1474
-1479
- Carlos Primero, 1516. -
-What were the main settlements in 15th Century Spain?
-What did the ppl do?
-How did they obtain luxury items such as ginger, cloves, cinnamon, pepper etc? -
-Lisboa, Barcelona, Sevilla, y Valencia; 50,000 ppl/each
-Mostly farmers (wheat, wine, oranges); Castilla-sheep/cattle
-trade w/ silk road -
1) Why was there a search for a new route East? (3 reasons)
2) Who was the 1st W. European to sail around Africa to India? When?
3) Conflict over Canary Islands? -
1) -Italian & Muslim Intermediaries -Never a secure road-high taxes;
2) Portuguese Vasco de Gama in 1498.
3)1479. -
1) Where did the Aztecs Rule/where did the Inkas?
2) Was there a diversity of cultures?
3) Which area was not heavily populated? -
1) Aztecs - mesoamerica; Inkas- Andes
2) yes, enormous from c.am to patagonia
3) Central America -
-Where were largest #Indig. ppl?
-Where were ppl hunter/gatherers
-what crops cultivated in C.A, and S.A.
-What other activities did ppl engage in? -
-Mesoamerica and Andes
-Patagonia
- beans, corn; manioc, sweet potato, potatoes, peanuts
-pastoralism, trade (obsidian)
-currency was cocoa. -
-When did Colon come to Am?
-where did he say he was?
-and when he went to Cuba?
-How long did they explore in all directions? -
-October 12, 1492
- India
-thought was in Japan...
- 2 decades -
-Who are Los Tainos?
-what was their staple food?
-Main language family of Amazon?
-what did Colon name the area? -
-Arawak sp. ppl from Amazon
-manioc
-Arawak
-"the Indies" -
-When was the 2nd voyage?
-how many men came?
-What did they bring to Hispaniola?
- where did Colon go? -
-1493
-1500
-domestic animals, seeds, tools
-Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Honduras, Venezuela -
-Which Italian is America named after?
-Why? -
-Amerigo Vespucci
-He went around continent; his reports HUGE -
-Who was the Tordesillas Treaty between and when?
- Where was Colonial capital?
-Who was Fransisco de Bombadilla? Nicolas De Ovando? -
-Portugal y Spain, 1493, giving Portugal Brasil basically...
-Hispaniola
-New Governor in 1500; succeeded Bombadilla. - What things happened during 1st Genocide?
-
-Natives slaves
-European diseases: small pox, measles
-most, if not all Tainos perished after 2 decades -
-Who conquered Tenochitlan and when? Ruler of Aztecas?
-Who conquered Cuzco/the Inkas and when?
-WHY?? -
-Cortes, 1519; Moctezuma
-Pizarro, 1532
- En el nombre de Dios y ORO -
-What does Hidalgo mean?
-where is Extramadura?
-Who did Aztecs think Cortes was?
-Who joined Spaniards to fight Aztecs? Why?
-What happened before Cortes captured Moctezuma? -
-Hijo de algo (pobre, sin padre)
-Spain
-possibly Quetzacoatl.
-Tlaxcalans; they were a symbol of colonization...
-In cholula killed e/o. News reached Moctezuma. -
-Who did Pizarro learn from?
-What happend to Wayna Kapaq that lead to civil war?
-Who was the son of his "official" wife? Other son?
-Who was named King by Inkan council?
-What happened to him? -
-Cortes
-died suddenly w/o naming successor.
-Waskar; Atawallpa
-Waskar
-Pizarro arrived, Waskar captured and killed. -
-What is Cajamarca?
-When Atawallpa captured, why didn't Pizarro kill him immediately?
-How did Atawallpa negociate his freedom?
-Where was Pizarro killed? -
-place where the brothers fought.
-he learned not to from Cortes b/c it paralysed state.
-filled a room completely w/ gold and silver
-Peru -
-Who 'discovered' Brazil? Why?
-when was official landing?
-did Brasil have gold? -
-Portuguese Pedro de Alvarez; 1500; Traveling to India, made a mistake, claimed land.
-1501
-no, but they had dyewood. - What happened in Brasil in 1532?
- -Sao Vicente, 1st perm. settlement near Rio de Janairo
- How many settlements was Brasilian coast divided into?
- 15 captancies
- Who were Donatarios?(Encomenderos)
- - proprietors who were granted captancies.
- What did the Donatarios do?
-
-recruit colonists
-forced natives into slavery
-land grants to friends
-founded cities/admin justice
- collect taxes
-control trade - What is Sao Paulo linked to?
- -sugar industry
- In the North, Pernambuco switched from Dyewood to this...
- sugar
- The population was approx. 25 million - how many were there in 1650?
- -1.5 million
- When was Lima named the new capital?
- 1535
- Where was there resistance?
-
Yes in maya lowlands to the Andes
-small revolts elsewhere
-Civil wars in Peru - How many spanish vice-royalties?
- Two - one in Lima, the other in DF (New Spain)
- Bartolome de las Casas
-
Encomendero de Hispaniola
returned to Spain to become priest; returned in 1510; * renounced all his encomiendas y criticized exploitation of natives; ordered to return to Spain, resigned as Bishop. Continued to defend Native Rights. - How did Europeans view Natives?
- as inferior beings, naturally slaves, savages - under Satan's control...only recourse to become a Christian