BS 110
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- The Biological definition of Evolution.
- The change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
- Who evolves?
- populations
- Natural selection acts on who?
- individuals
- What are the three causes of allele frequencies changing?
- natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow
- In order for one of these mechanisms to affect allele frequency to changes, there must be in the population.
- variation
- What are the two processes cause variation in the gene pools making evolution possible?
- mutation and sexual reproduction
- Variation in individual genotype leads to variation in?
- individual phenotype
- Is all phenotypic variation heritable?
- no
- natural selection can only act on variation with a what?
- genetic component
- We can measure population evolving in what two ways?
- the change in allele and genotype frequencies in the population over time
- What is microevolution?
- a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations
- What are the HWE's assumptions?
- population is large, there are no mutations, no random mating, no migration and emigration, no selection, and no genetic drift
- phenotypes can be influenced by what?
- the environment
- What are mutations?
- changes in the DNA nucleotide base sequence of one individual within a population
- How can brand new alleles be introduced?
- By mutations
- What is fitness?
- the ability of an organism to produce viable and fertile offspring
- What is sexual selection?
- differential reproduction due to non-random mating
- If the individuals traits are favored by the environment its what kind of selection?
- natural selection
- If the individuals traits are favored by their mates its what kind of selection?
- sexual selection
- If the individuals traits are favored by human choice its what kind of selection?
- artificial selection