Bio Midterm 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Angiosperms
- A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
- Flower
- - In an angiosperm, a short stem with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.
- Sepal
- A modified leaf in angiospems that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens
- Monoecious
- separate male and female flowers
- Perfect Flower
- Both male and female flower
- Fruit
- A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects the dominant seeds and often aids in their dispersal.
- Pollen Grains
- A structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall
- Megaspore
- A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte
- Microspore
- A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte
- Generative Cell
- A cell of the male gametophyte or pollen grain in seed plants that divides to give rise directly or indirectly to sperm
- Tube Cell
- The nucleus of a pollen grain believed to influence the growth and development of the pollen tube. Also known as tube nucleus
- Embryo Sac
- The female gametophyte of a seed plant within which the embryo developes
- Polar Nuclei
- Two centrally located in the embryo sac that unite with a second sperm cell in a triple fusion
- Double Fertilization
- angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophye (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.
- Endosperm
- The nutritive tissue within seeds of flowering plants, surrounding and absorbed by the embryo
- Cotyledon
- A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, other two.
- Haustoria
- Specialized branches of hyphae that penetrate host cells and absorb nutrients from them
- Plasmogamy
- Fusion of two or more cells or protoplasts without fusion of the nuclei, as occurs inn higher terrestrial fungi,
- Heterokaryon
- A fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell
- Chytrids
- Member of the fungal phylum chytridiomycota mosty aquatic fungi with flagelled zoospores that represent an diverging fungal lineage.
- Mycorrhizae
- A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus
- Zygosporangium
- In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy, multinucleate structure in with karyogamy and meiosis occur
- Ascus
- A sac like spore capsule located at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus
- Ascocarp
- The fruiting body of a sac fungus
- Conidia
- An asexually produced fungal spore, formed on a conidiophore
- Basidium
- A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms
- Basidiocarps
- Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus
- Lichens
- The symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alge or cyanobacterium
- Mutualistic
- An association between organisms of two different species in which each member benifits
- Protista
- all organisms that are not classified as plants animals or fungi, obsolete now because of phylogenic grouping
- Monophyletic
- All descendants from a common ancestor.
- Polyphyletic
- Descendants from different ancestors
- Mixotrophic
- an organism that produces organic compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy in photosynthesis or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals
- Phylogenetic tree
- a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships
- Phylogeny
- Evolutionary history of a species or group of species
- Clade
- a group of species that include an ancestral species and all its descendants
- Diplomonads
- a protest that has modified mitochondria two equal sized nuclei and multiple flagella
- Euglenids
- A protist characterized by an anterior pocket from which one or two flagella emerge
- Euglenozoans
- member of a diverse clade of flagellated protists that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs and pathogenic parasites
- Kinetoplasids
- a protist that has a single large mitochondrion that houses and organized mass of DNA
- Alveolates
- A protist with a membrane bounded sacs located just under the plasma membrane.
- Alveoli
- Membrane bound sacs inside alveolates.
- Secondary endosymbiosis
- A process in eukaryotic evolution in which a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell, which survived in a symbiotic relationship inside the heterotrophic cell
- Dinoflagellates
- Member of a group mostly unicellular photsynthetic alge with two flagella situated in perpendicular groovesin cellulose plates covering the cell.