TAMS, Dr. Burleson, Biology, Ch. 2
Terms
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- Matter is composed of particles called _______.
- Atoms
- What are the different particles within an atom, what is their charge, and where are they found?
- Electron (-, electron cloud), Proton (+, nucleus) Neutron (0, nucleus)
- What is are isotope?
- Atoms of the same element but with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
- What is half-life? What is the approximate half-life of carbon-14?
- The time it takes for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to degrade. 5600 years.
- What are ions? What are cations? Anions?
- Atoms that are not electrically neutral. Positively charged ions. Negatively charged ions.
- What is oxidation? What is reduction?
- The loss of an electron. The gain of an electron.
- What is an orbital?
- The probable location of an electron.
- What does the octet rule state?
- Atoms are stablest and least reactive when the outermost electron shell is filled.
- What are the different bond types?
- Ionic (cation/anion attraction), Covalent (electrons shared), Hydrogen Bonds (hydrogens between molecules attract).
- Describe ionic and covalent bonds.
- Ionic bonds are weak, electrical, and dissolve in water. Covalent bonds are strong and less reactive.
- What happens in a chemical reaction?
- Bonds are formed or broken. Reactions are influenced by temperature, concentration of reactants and products, and the presence of catalysts.
- What are some of the properties of water?
- It is electronegative, it is polar, it experiences cohesion and adhesion, it has a high specific heat and heat of vaporization, it is a powerful solvent, it organizes nonpolar molecules, it ionizes, and it has a neutral pH.
- Where do acids and bases fall on the pH scale?
- Acids have pH below 7, bases above.
- What are buffers?
- A substance that stores and releases hydrogen ions according to pH, keeping the pH of its environment relatively stable.
- Who made these flashcards?
- Robert Fromm