NC3 General Study Set
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- The type of pain that is highly resistant to relief is an example of what type of pain?
- Intractable pain
- A verbal descriptor scale consists of a line with 3-5 word descriptors equally spaced along the line. The descriptors are ranked from
- No pain to unbearable pain
- Wong and Baker developed the faces scale to assess the pain in children. What does the scale consist of?
- Six cartoon faces ranging from happy and smiling to crying which indicates severe pain.
- What is the Gate Control theory?
- According to this theory, peripheral nerve fibers have their pain modulated at the spinal cord level before transmission to the brain.
- Give an example of using the Gate Control theory.
- Backrub
- What are endorphins?
- The body's natural morphine-like substances.
- What is bradykinin?
- A substance released from plasma that leaks at tissue injury site which binds to receptors on peripheral nerves increasing pain stimuli.
- What age group has the ability to describe pain?
- Toddler
- NSAIDS include which meds?
- Ibuprofen and Naprosyn.
- Common opioid side effects include...
- Constipation, N/V, and respiratory depression.
- Describe guided imagery.
- Ask the client to close eyes and imagine and describe something pleasurable. Was effective if patient says he visualized a peaceful, happy time.
- Who is not a candidate for patient controlled analgesics?
- Confused and unresponsive clients.
- What are the instructions you're going to give a client with PCA?
- Instruct on the purpose of the PCA, operating instructions, expected pain relief, and possible side effects.
- What is a placebo?
- Any form of treatment or medication where there is a treatment from intent rather than the physical or chemical properties of the element.
- What is the function of estrogen?
- Stimulates growth of the ovaries and graffian follicles, promotes retention of fluid during menstrual cycle and pregnancy, stimulates prolactin secretion during lactation.
- What is the function of progeserone?
- Maintains pregnancy by inhibiting motility of fallopian tubes in uterus.
- The inability of a woman to achieve orgasm is called
- Orgasmic dysfunction
- The urge or desire for sexual activity is called
- Libido
- Name three ways to decrease exposure to STDs.
- Limit the number of sexual partners, use a condom, abstain from sexual activity with a partner who has symptoms of an STD.
- What are the major side effects of oral contraceptives?
- Severe headaches, severe abdominal pains, blurred vision, thrombophlebitis, hypertension.
- The difference among people of different population groups is called
- Cultural Diversity
- Define stereotyping
- Assuming that all members of a culture or ethnic group are alike
- Describe Leninger's "Sunrise Model"
- This model emphasizes that health care is influenced by elements of the social structure such as technology, religion, philosophical factors, kinship and social systems.
- What is acute illness?
- Any disease where there is a rapid onset of signs and symptoms and is of less than six months duration.
- What is chronic illness?
- Produces symptoms and signs of variable periods of time that runs a long course, generally over six months.
- What is the chronic illness trajectory framework?
- In this framework, the term trajectory refers to the course of action taken by a chronically ill patient, their family and health professionals to manage the chronic illness and its management on every day life activities and the individual's sense of identity.
- Define community health nursing.
- A synthesis of nursing knowledge and practice of public health implemented via systematic use of the nursing process or other processes, designed to promote health and prevent illness in population groups.
- What is a population at risk?
- This refers to a group of people who are at greatest risk of developing a particular health problem.
- What is the primary concern of the community health nurse?
- The health of the general public rather than an individual or family.
- The inability to achieve or maintain an erection is known as
- Erectile dysfunction (avoid using the term "impotent")
- What is the level of prevention that measures of designed to promote general optimum health or the specific protection of man against disease agents?
- Primary prevention (true prevention such as immunization, stop smoking, etc.)
- What are examples of secondary prevention?
- Early detection such as a chest X-ray, PPD, breast self exam, testicular self exam.
- What is tertiary prevention?
- Where you try to restore the person back to health, to the greatest degree of health you can achieve.
- What are the leading health problems of elementary age school children?
- Injuries, influenza, pneumonia, infection, malnutrition, dental disease, and cancer.
- What are the leading problems of high school students?
- Alcohol and drug abuse, injuries, homicide, STDs, sports injuries.
- What is the ideal school health program?
- A program which would have an interdisciplinary health team consisting of a physician, nurse, dentist, social worker, counselor and school administrator.
- The primary agency dealing with health concerns at the international level is
- World Health Organization
- What is the official agency at the state level that deals with health issues?
- The State Department (the state has primary authority in matters related to health, such as SSI and AFDC)
- Describe the Social Security Administration
- This agency is responsible for the administration of supplemental social security income for the aged, blind and disabled persons which is also known as SSI and is the administrator of AFDC
- What is epidemiology?
- The study of the distribution of health and illness within the population and the factors that determine the population health status.
- What are the purposes of epidemiology?
- To search for causal relationships in health and illness and to control illness through the resultant understanding of causality.
- What is the ultimate concern of epidemiology in any of its uses?
- Preventing disease and maintaining health.
- What are the specific uses of the epidemiologic process?
- Studying contributing factors, diagnosing health status, evaluating the effectiveness of health programs, establishing indicies of risk or the statistical probabilities of a particular condition occurring, and providing information to assist clinical decision making.
- What are mortality rates of interest in community health nursing (5)? How is each calculated?
- It includes the overall or crude death rate, cause specific death rates, infant/neonatal mortality rates, fetal and prenatal mortality rates and maternal death rates. Each rate is calculated from the number of events during a specific period and the average population at risk during the same period.
- What is "morbidity rate"?
- It reflects the number of cases of particular health conditions in a group or community. This is described in terms of incidents or prevalence rates.
- Describe prevalence
- The total number of people affected by a particular condition at a specific point in time.
- What is the nurse's educational role?
- This involves educating the general public about means to prevent communicable diseases, signs and symptoms of existing diseases, and where to seek help for possible communicable diseases.
- What is the antidote for magnesium sufate?
- Calcium gluconate, 10%
- A pregnant teenager should be advised regarding
- Picking out food in a cafeteria and choose food high in protein and iron.
- What is the drug action of metagine?
- Stimulate uterine contractions.
- On the second day post partum, the nurse observes the patient with dark red blood with odor of menstruation, this will indicate
- Normal involution
- Patient teaching to the parents of a newborn umbilical care is
- Clean with alcohol.
- What should the nurse observe for with post-circumcision?
- Bleeding
- What is the nursing measure on a breast feeding mother with breast engorgement?
- Warm compresses on the breast to improve comfort.
- What is the nursing measure on a bottle feeding mother with breast engorgement?
- Cold compresses on the breast to provide comfort.
- Polidel is
- A lactation suppressant
- The hormone that determines pregnanacy is
- Human Chorionic Gonadatrophin (HCG)
- Painless vaginal bleeding in the last trimester is a clinical sign of
- Placenta previa
- Alpha Fetal Protein Test would indicate
- Neural tube defect
- The phase of labor where the woman will be irritable and restless is the
- Transition phase.
- Monitoring the woman during and following amniocentesis procedures for
- Signs of premature labor or bleeding
- The Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio measures
- Fetal lung maturity
- What Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio is sufficient to sustain extrauterine life?
- 2:1 or greater
- Meconium is usually passed
- In the first 24 hours
- Constipation in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy is due to
- increased progesterone and decreased peristalsis due to increased gravis uterus
- Esterol levels are used primarily in pregnancies complicated by
- Diabetes
- A disorder occurring during pregnancy after the 20th week of gestation involving edema, protein urea and hypertension is
- Pregnancy induced hypertension
- The treatment to prevent eclampsia is
- Magnesium sulfate
- Magnesium sulfate is used to
- Prevent seizures
- When is physiologic jaundice most likely to occur?
- Beginning on the second day of birth, peaking at one week and disappearing by the second week.
- Pathologic jaundice occurs
- In the first 24 hours.
- Never perform a vaginal examination on a woman who is bleeding because it may
- Result in puncturing the placenta.
- In postpartum hemmorage due to uteratine atony (lacking tone), the nurse should adminster
- Oxytocin as prescribed.
- Describe the bleeding of laceratin of the vagina, cervix or perineum
- Bleeding is bright red, continuous and often in spurts
- To stimulate feeding of a newborn, the nurse should teach the mother to
- Stroke the infant's cheek to stimulate the rooting reflex.
- Vaginal discharge in a female neonate which we call pseudomenstruation is associated with
- High levels of maternal hormone in the neonate
- A patient recieving an IV drip in the postpartum asks, "Whay am I receiving Oxytocin?" The correct response is
- To stimulate uterine contractions. Do NOT pick "stimulate lactation" because she might not be breast feeding.
- In fetal distress, what is the initial finding?
- The heart rate will increase first (also signs of restlessness).
- The best position for a mother diagnosed with abruptio placentae is
- Left lateral with head elevated.
- A drug that induces labor is
- Oxytocin
- Define abrupto placentae
- Separation of the placenta implanted in normal position in a pregnancy of 20 weeks or more during labor before delivery of the fetus. Often results in severe hemorrhage.
- Natrosine turns paper blue, this means
- That the fluid being discharged from the female is amniotic fluid.
- When a nurse is administering magnesium sulfate, she should monitor the
- Respiratory rate.
- The stage of labor in which engagement occurs is the
- First stage of labor
- For a baby in phototherapy, the nurse should remember to
- Turn the baby frequently.
- The first stage of labor ends with
- Complete cervical dilation. Crowning is occurring
- What begins the second stage of labor?
- Crowning
- What ends the second stage of labor?
- Delivery of the baby.
- What is the third stage of labor?
- Delivery of the placenta.
- What is the fourth stage of labor?
- Postpartum stabilization.
- The umbilical cord is bleeding. The nurse should
- Place another clamp on the umbilical cord. Do NOT pick reclamp, it's always add a clamp.
- Maternal smoking is responsible for causing infants to
- Have a decreased birth weight of at least 6 oz.
- Normal hemoglobin for an infant is
- 11.2-16.5g/dL
- In a neonate, what is a sign of pyloric stenosis?
- Projectile vomiting.
- When teaching the parent of a newborn care of cleaning the umbilical cord with an alcohol pad, you should teach her to
- Do this with each diaper change.
- If the mother is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive, the nurse should
- Give the Rhogam.
- Why is the patient receiving pitocin IV every 4 hours after delivery?
- To increase contractions.
- A 32 week old fetus is born. The reason there is a decreased oxygen consumption is
- Decreased surfactant
- A newborn who has jaundice for 2 weeks, the diagnosis is
- Physiologic jaundice
- In a postpartum patient, what is the initial reason for massaging the fundus?
- Contraction of the uterus decreases hemorrhage.
- 8-12 hours postpartum, you notice malodorus menstrual-like dark red discharge. It is most likely
- Lochia rubra
- When is lochia rubra vs. lochia serosa?
- Lochia rubra for the first 3 days, lochia serosa for 3-7 days, lochia aba after that.
- A pregnant mother is in the latent phase, complains of dizziness in a supine position. The nurse should
- Lay the patient on the left side (part of supine hypertensive syndrome).
- What would the nurse tell the preganant patient who smokes 20 cigarettes a day?
- Smoking raises chances of retarded growth.
- A pregnant woman drinks three alcohol coctails every day after work. The nurse should advise
- If she knows the risks to fetal reaction to alcohol.
- If a neonate is born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), it is expected that you would see signs and symptoms of FAS
- Within the first 24 hours.
- The drug that's adminstered for C-section prep has been administered to a patient. The nurse should monitor the patient for
- Hypertension.
- When is the fetus most susceptible to the effects of rubiola?
- 2-9 weeks.
- What is the maximum of Narcan that can be administered to a neonate
- 0.2mg
- In a 10 lb. newborn, the nurse should check for
- Serum glucose level.
- A neonate born to a diabetic is most likely to have
- Hypoglycemia
- How do you keep a neonate warm in reagards to heat loss due to evaporation?
- Dry thoroughly after bathing.
- What is the best way to bathe a newborn?
- Bathe one extremity at a time and keep the infant covered. Do NOT do a submersion bath with a newborn!
- How do you maintain skin integrity on a premature infant?
- Use non-alkaline soap with plain water.
- What are the characteristics of uterine contractions?
- The duration increases and the interval decreases. They are involuntary.
- What are the three phases of uterine contractions?
- Increment, acme and decrement.
- When measuring the frequency of a contraction, you should measure it
- From the beginning of one to the beginning of the next.
- Uterine contraction duration should be measured
- From the moment the uterine muscle begins to tense to full relaxation.
- Describe how frequency and duration are measured.
- Frequency is measured in minutes while duration is measured in seconds.
- A pregancy is accepted when the patient says
- "I always wanted to get pregnant someday."
- The most important thing for a pregnant teen is
- Prenatal care
- During a vaginal examof a woman in labor, what three things are assessed?
- Dilation, effacement and station
- Define effacement and how is it measured?
- Shortening of the cervical canal, measured from 0-100
- What is another term for effacement?
- Thinning of the cervix.
- Which of the following is a sign that the mother is bonding well with the baby?
- When she places the baby in an N-face position, plays, looks and shows bonding signs.
- A baby with a pink body but blue extremeties has
- Acrocyanosis
- An HIV positive mother delivers an infant. She should be told not to
- Breastfeed
- A patient is 18 weeks in gestation, has had a spontaenous abortion 2 years ago, and she has a 3 year old child at home. What is the nursing term?
- Gravida 3, para 1. T1, P0, A1, L1
- What is TPAL?
- Term, Premature, Abortion, Live births.
- What is a nursing goal for a newborn male after circumcision?
- No hemorrhage.
- Amniotic fluid is leaking, what color would the litmus paper turn?
- Blue
- What is laminaria?
- It lines the cervical opening.
- A baby has blackish-greenish stools 24 hours after birth, what should the nurse do?
- Record data in nursing notes, this is completely normal.
- To prevent heat loss due to evaporation on the baby, the nurse should
- Wash and quickly dry.
- A baby is 28 weeks old, weighing three pounds. What is the health teaching the nurse should give the parent?
- Teach the mother to express the milk and feed by gavage.
- Physiology of pyloric stenosis is
- Hypertrophy of the pylorus.
- What is the reason for uterine atony?
- Prolonged labor
- When do you stop pitocin?
- If a contraction lasts 90 seconds.
- A baby is born weighing 10 lbs, 4 oz. and is shaking.
- The nurse should check glucose level, this may indicate hypoglycemia.
- If you have to choose between checking the clucose level and feeding the infant, choose
- Feed the infant.
- How do you feed a baby with pyloric stenosis?
- Small, frequent feedings given slowly. Prop the baby upright slightly on the right side.
- During a home delivery, what is the priority for the baby?
- Keeping the baby warm (known as an extramural delivery)
- What is the most evident sign of postmaturity?
- Scaly, flaky skin.
- What is the sign of a term infant?
- Smooth skin, heel crease is greater than 2/3rds, breast tissue that's greater than 3mm.
- Signs of a premature infant is
- Wrinkled skin.
- After vaginal delivery, what discharge instructions would you give the mother?
- Do kagle exercises.
- What is the nursing intervention for a baby who is undergoing phototherapy?
- Cover the eyes and genitals, changle position frequently, keep baby hydrated.
- A baby is delivered prematurely and is having difficulty breathing. This is most likely due to
- A low L/S ratio.
- A mother who is bottle feeding her infant is having trouble getting her infant to drink. She should be taught
- The rooting reflex.
- What would be most at risk for problems in preganancy, a 15 year old or a 40 year old prima para?
- The 15 year old. The younger they are, the more difficulty they will have.
- The clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis is (3)
- A paristolic wave that goes from right to left, weight loss and projectile vomiting.
- A pregnant patient is at increased risk of infection if
- Her water has broken over 24 hours ago.
- What is the nursing priority for a healthy neonate?
- Bonding with the mother.
- What is the nursing measure for an infant with pyloric stenosis to retain feeding?
- Turn the infant to the right side with the head elevated.
- A distended bladder during delivery can interfere with
- The progress of labor.
- A distended bladder after delivery can cause
- Subinvolution
- What is a nursing intervention that is a priority before the mother and baby leave the delivery room?
- Positive identification.
- Why is erythromycin given to an infant?
- To prevent gonorrhea.
- Following an amniotomy on a pregnant patient, the nurse should check
- The fetal heart rate.
- What is an indication that involution didn't occur?
- Palpable uterus
- A patient is at -2, this indicates
- The patient is in imminent labor and the fetus' head is 2cm above station zero.
- If the patient is having late decelerations, the nurse should
- Place patient on left side and put the patient on 8-12 liters of oxygen.
- 24 hours after delivery, the mother complains of pain in the perineal. What is the nursing action?
- Check the site.
- What is the best method to check the color of the baby?
- A natural light, also a white fluorescent.
- You know there's bonding when
- The mother holds the baby in the N-face position.
- The infant is born to a drug addicted mother who has a high-pitched shrill cry and is irritable. The nurse should
- Rock the infant.
- Cold stress on a newborn will affect which system?
- Respiratory system.
- Infants born through C-sections will have an increased risk of (2)
- Respiratory distress and infections due to fluid in the lungs not being expelled during the birth process.
- The mother has accomplished her first maternal task when she states
- "I am pregnant."
- Which of the following clinical manifestations indicates that a 6 week old infant has pyloric stenosis?
- Visible gastric peristalic wave.
- A newborn has a pink body, pale extremeties, loud cry, heart rate of 140, respiratory rate of 40, flexed legs when foot it tapped with a finger. What is the Apgar score?
- 9
- What are the initial symptoms of otitis media?
- Pain, infant may only have the capacity to tap or slap at his ear, so it may be red in color.
- A progressive bilateral perceptive hearing loss in older individuals usually involves high frequencies that occur with the aging process. This is called
- Presbycusis
- What are the factors that may contribute to decreased sexual motivation?
- Drugs, depression, disease, preganancy and aging.
- Generally a nurse conducts a sexual hsitory on what categories of the clients?
- Those receiving care for pregnancy and fertility, contracpetion or STDs.
- What are the nursing interventions to meet sexual needs?
- Teaching, discussing fears and concerns, providing support and encouragement, enhancing the client's body image and self-esteem.
- The nurse charts complaints of continuous abdominal pain in an incisional area where the pain is an 8 out of 10. Which characteristic of pain is omitted from this note?
- Onset
- The antidote to morphine is
- Narcan
- For how long should you place an ice pack against a patient's skin?
- 20 minutes, also wrap the ice pack to prevent ice burn.
- How far away from the treatment area should you use a heat lamp?
- 20 inches, advise client not to move the extremity once therapy has begun.
- When would it incidate that you have burned the client?
- When the skin is mild pink in color.
- How long should a patient sit in a sitz bath?
- 20 minutes.
- Whan you are going to give a patient IV push of morphine, you should give approximately 1-2mg over what period of time?
- 1 minute
- Prior to giving morphine, you should check the respiratory rate for how long of a period?
- 1 minute
- What are the phases of the sexual response cycle? (4)
- Exitation, plateau, orgasm and resolution
- A patient reports difficulty achieving and sustaining erections. It is important for the nurse to ask which question?
- "Have you been checked for any diseases such as diabetes?"
- Which observation indicates that the analgesic adminstered postoperatively to a 7 year old is effective?
- He tells his parents that he feels better.
- By which mechanism do noradrenergic drug agonists relieve pain?
- Modulation of the ascending pain signal from the dorsal horns.
- Which diagnostic test provides a definitive diagnosis for a female patient who presents with symptoms of gonorrhea?
- Culture of cervical discharge. (Remember most women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic)
- A male patient with gonorrhea would normally develop signs and symptoms in what period of time?
- 7-10 days.
- Gonorrhea and syphylis are
- Reportable disases.
- The simple screening test for syphilis is the
- RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagent)
- Which is a nursing priority for a patient in the acute phase of the rape trauma syndrome?
- Establishing a safe environment.
- Which nursing action demonstrates cultural competency in patient care?
- Provides an interpreter for patients who do not speak english.
- A native american patient is admitted to the hospital with a rash, cough and fever. Which is the most important information for the nurse to gather from the patient?
- Immunization history.
- If a native american family brings their 2 year old child into the hospital and they want a faith healer, the nurse should ask them
- What the tribal healer is going to do.
- As the patient advocate, the nurse should make which of the following a priority action in the care of a chronically ill patient?
- Ensure the patient's access to knowledge and respectful treatment.
- The primary purpose of a hospice unit is to
- Provide palliative care for a dying patient.
- Which action should the nurse include in a plan of care to enable patients with a chronic illness to develop a realistic plan for daily living?
- Assist patient to set priorities for important self-care activities.
- Which goal of Healthy People 2000 National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention objectives is the United States?
- Health care for populations will be equalized.
- Which resource best provides for the immediate safety for a battered woman?
- Shelter. *Choose safety over injury if no details on injury are given.
- What is the priority diagnostic category for a home care hospice patient?
- Anticipatory grieving.
- What are three positive signs of pregnancy?
- Asculatation of fetal heart tones, ultrasound and feeling the fetal movement by an examiner.
- Name 3 presumptive signs of pregnancy.
- The sensation of fetal movement by the mother, breast enlargement and increase in the size of the abdomen.
- Which observation of a patient during the second stage of labor indicates that delivery is imminent?
- The fetal head is crowning.
- What is the priority when a baby is born?
- Suctioning the mouth.
- A postpartum patient whose breasts are engorged is having difficulty breast feeding her neonate. Which nursing action should facilitate the feeding?
- Teach the patient to express some milk manually before each feeding.
- Which normal physiologic change occurs during the antepartal period of pregnancy?
- Increased blood volume.
- What is characteristic of both the first and third trimesters in pregnancy?
- Increased urinary frequency.
- In the early stages of pregnancy, the woman has sugar in her urine. This could be associated with
- Increased levels of glucose being shunted to the developing placenta without an increase in tubular reabsorption. *Do glucose tolerance test to determine whether she has diabetes.
- Gestational diabetes occurs at what stage of pregnancy?
- 20 weeks.
- A sign of hydidaform mole is
- The fundus is greater than you would expect at a particular stage of pregnancy.
- Where should the fundus be at 12 weeks? 20 weeks? 28 weeks?
-
12 weeks: the symphysis pubis
20 weeks: the umbilicus
28 weeks: base of ribs - Which neonatal system is affected with the kernicterus results from untreated hyperbilirubinemia?
- The nervous system.
- Which factor can cause a neonate to develop hemorraghic fever?
- Absence of intestinal flora.
- To prevent hemorragic fever, the neonate should be administered
- Vitimin K
- A woman has been diagnosed as having endometriosis. What is the pathological process that occurs with this disease?
- Endometrial tissue proliferates on abdominal organs and supporting structures.
- An example of radiating pain is
- Pain of angina (radiates down arm or neck)
- An example of referred pain is
- Apendicitis pain (felt in epigastric region but pain is in RLQ). Also cholysistitis pain which is felt in the right scaplula.
- Phantom pain is
- Pain that is felt in an extremity that has been amputated.
- The treatment for phantom pain is
- Contralateral simulation.
- The definition of pain threshold is
- The point at which a person experiences pain.
- Another term for pain threshold is
- Pain sensation.
- When a person is administered and analgesic, does it raise or lower the pain threshold?
- It raises the pain threshold.
- Pain tolerance is
- The maximum amount of pain a person is willing to endure before seeking treatment.
- The national health survey defines chronic conditions as
-
1) The conditions which were first noticed three months or more before the date of the interview,
2) They belong to a group of conditions including heart disease, diabetes and others that are considered chronic regardless of when they began. - Race is based on what characteristics?
- Physical. *Pick culture on the test!
- Differentiate between ethics and morals.
- Ethics occur in the workplace, whereas morals occur outside of the workplace. Morals helps us develop ethics.
- A woman who is post menopausal is considering estrogen replacement therapy. An increase in which serum laboratory data contraindicates therapy?
- Bilirubin.
- Define TENS
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimuation