growth factors
Terms
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- NAME THREE FACTORS THAT AFFECT GROWTH IN NATURE
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WATER AND SOLUTES
pH
TEMPERATURE - LITERAL MEANING OF PAIKILOTHERM
- VARIED/IRREGULAR HEAT
- DEFINE POIKILOTHERMS
- MICROBE CELL TEMP VARIES W/ ENVIRONMENTAL TEMP
- WHEN DISCUSSING POIKILOTHERMS,,,WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF TEMP GETS TOO LOW
- RXN'S SLOW DOWN OR STOP,,,THE CELLS CAN'T GROW,,,AND EVENTUALLY THEY'LL DIE
- WHEN DISCUSSING POIKILOTHERMS ,,,WHAT HAPPENS IF TEMP GETS TOO HIGH
- PROTEINS, DNA, DENATURE, PM MAY MELT,,,EVENTUALLY THE CELL DIES
- WHEN WE SAY EACH MICROBE HAS A SET OF CARDINAL TEMPERATURES,,,WHAT DO WE MEAN
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MINIMUM TEMP FOR OPTIMUM GROWTH
OPTIMUM " "
MAXIMUM " " - LITERAL MEANING OF PSYCCHROPHILES
- "COLD LOVING"
- CARDINAL TEMPERATURE FOR PSCHROPHILES
- 0----15-----20 DEGREES C
- LOCATION ( 2) WE CAN FIND PSYCHROPHILES
- SNOWFIELDS AND GLACIERS
- NAME OF THE ALGAE THAT LIVES ON SNOWFIELDS...USUALLY FOUND NEAR LAKES OR STREAMS
- CHLAMYDOMONAS NIVALIS
- HOW DO PSCHROPHILES ADAPT TO THE COLD ENVIRONMENT
- PSYCHROPHILES ADAPT BY INCREASING UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE PM...PROTECTS FROM FREEZING
- LITERAL MEANING OF PSYCHROTROPHS
- "COLD FED"
- CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR PSYCHROTROPHS
- 0----20-30------35 DEGREES C
- WHERE CAN WE FIND PSYCHROTROPHS
- IN REFRIGERATOR TUPPERWARE
- LITERAL MEANING OF MESOPHILES
- "MIDDLE LOVING"
- CARDINAL TEMPERATURE OF MESOPHILES
- 15-20-----20-40------45 DEGREES C
- LITERAL MEANING OF THERMOPHILES
- "HEAT LOVING"
- CARDINAL TEMPERATURES OF THERMOPHILES
- 45----55-65------90 DEGREES C
- WHAT IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE HUMAN BODY
- 37 DEGREES C
- WHAT GROUP CAN WE FIND MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS ( DISEASE CAUSING) IN
- MOST MICROBES ARE MESOPHILES,,,INCLUDING HUMAN PATHOGENS
- (3) LOCATIONS THAT THERMOPHILES GROW
- HOT WATER PIPES, COMPOST PILES, HOT SPRINGS
- NAME OF A NOTABLE SPECIES OF A THERMOPHILE
- THERMUS AQUATICUS AKA TAQ
- THERMUS AQUATICUS IS IMPORTANT IN WHAT RXN
- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION,,,,PCR
- WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
- PCR MAKES MILLIONS OF COPIES OF DNA,,,USED IN CRIME SCENES
- DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION,,,PCR
-
START W/ ONE COPY OF DNA
HEAT DNA TO 95 DEGREES C
DNA SEPARATES INTO TWO PIECES
REHEAT,,THE 2 COPIES SPLIT
NOW WE HAVE 4 COPIES - HOW MANY COPIES OF DNA CAN BE MADE WITH POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OR GENE AMPLIFICATION
- BILLIONS OF COPIES IN A FEW HOURS
- WHY MUST THE ORIGINAL FRAGMENT OF DNA IN PCR BE HEATED
- TO SEPARATE THE TWO STRANDS OF DNA
- LITERAL MEANING OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
- "ABOVE HEAT LOVING"
- CARDINAL TEMPERATURES OF HYPERTHERMOPHILES
- 55----80-110-----120 DEGREES C
- LOCATION WE CAN FIND HYPERTHERMOPHILES
- FOUND IN DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN IN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS
- WHAT IS DR WADES FAVORITE HYPERTHERMOPHILE
- PYROCOCCUS ABYSSI= FIRE ROUND DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN
- HOW DO HYPERTHERMOPHILES ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
- THEY ADAPT BY INCREASING SATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE PM
- WHAT HAPPENS WHEN HYPERTHERMOPHILES INCREASE THE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE PM
- MAKES THE MELTING POIN HIGHER
- LIST (4) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT GROWTH
-
WATER/SOLUTES
pH
TEMP
OXYGEN - NAME OF THE MICROBES THAT REQUIRE OXYGEN FOR GROWTH
- AEROBES
- NAME OF THE MICROBES THAT DON'T REQUIRE OXYGEN FOR GROWTH
- ANAEROBES
- DEFINE OBLIGATE AEROBES
- MICROBES WILL EVENTUALLY DIE IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN
- 4 EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATE AEROBES
- MOST ALGAE, FUNGI, BACTERIA, AND PROTOZOAS
- DESCRIBE FACULATIVE ANAEROBES
- THEY GROW BEST ( FASTER) IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN, BUT MORE SLOWLY IF OXYGEN IS NOT PRESENT
- (3) EXAMPLES OF FACULATIVE ANAEROBES
- YEASTS, MANY BACTERIA, PROTOZOAS
- E-COLI IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT
- FACULATIVE ANAEROBE
- DEFINE AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
- MICROBES GROW EQUALLY WELL WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN,,THEY IGNORE OXYGEN
- (2) LOCATIONS OF AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES
- MANY BACTERIA AND PROTOZOAS
- GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF (1) BACTERIA THAT IS AN AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBE
- THE BACTERIA ENTEROCOCCOS FAECALIS
- WHERE CAN ENTEROCOCCOS FAECALIS BE FOUND
- IN THE LG INTESTINE, FECAL MATTER
- DEFINE MICROAEROPHILES
- MICROBES REQUIRE OXYGEN IN REDUCED [ ] 2-10%
- (2) EXAMPLES OF MICROAEROPHILES
- BACTERIA, PROTOZOA
- GIVE 1 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF A MICROAEROPHILE,,,WHAT DISEASE DOES IT CAUSE
- H PYLORI---FOUND IN THE STOMACH WHICH CAUSES ULCERS
- DEFINE OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
- MICROBES WILL DIE (EVENTUALLY) IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
- 2 EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
- MANY BACTERIA AND PROTOZOANS
- 1 SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF AN OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
- BACTEROIDES GINGIVALIS
- WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF ANAEROBES THAT CAN LIVE TOGETHER IN A EQUALLY GIVE/TAKE RELATIONSHIP
- OBLIGATE ANAEROBES AND FACULATIVE ANAEROBES
- WHAT OBJECT IS USED IN THE LAB TO TEST OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
- A NUTRITIONAL DEEP IS USED IN THE LAB TO TEST OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS
- NOTE: A NUTRIENT DEEP HAS A HIGH [ ] AT THE TOP AND A LOW [ ] ON THE BOTTOM
- NOTE
- IF A NUTRIENT DEEP IS INNOCULATED WITH AN OBLIGATE AEROBE,,,WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
- ON THE TOP
- IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH A FACULATIVE ANAEROBE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
- MOSTLY ON THE TOP,,,LESS AS YOU GO DOWN
- IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH A AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
- EVEN DISTRIBUTION
- IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH A MICROAEROPHILE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
- BAND OF GROWTH TOWARDS THE CENTER,,,THAT'S THEIR PREFERRED [ ]
- IF WE INNOCULATE A NUTRIENT DEEP WITH AN OBLIGATE ANAEROBE WHERE WILL WE SEE GROWTH
- AT THE BOTTOM
- NAME OF THE ENZYME NECESSARY FOR MOST CHEMICAL RXNS
- SUBSTRATE BINDING
- WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ATM PRESSURE INCREASES
- THE ENZYME SUBSTRATE BINDING REDUCES AND THE CELL EVENTUALLY DIES
- NAME THE TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF PRESSURE
- BAROTOLERANT
- NAME THE (2) CLASSIFICATIONS OF PRESSURE
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BAROTOLERANT
BAROPHILES - DEFINE BAROTOLERANT
- MICROBES CAN SURVIVE UP TO 400 ATM, BUT GROW SLOWER WITH HIGHER PRESSURE
- WHAT DO BAROPHILES REQUIRE TO SURVIVE
- MICROBES REQUIRE EXTREME PRESSURE TO SURVIVE
- NAME (2) LOCATIONS THAT WE CAN FIND BAROPHILES
- MICROBES IN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, AND IN THE GUTS OF DEEP SEA TUBEWORMS