us hist ch. 9
Terms
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- Thomas Jefferson
- Republican, elected president of US in election of 1800 strict constitutionalist
- "The Revolution of 1800"
- The election of Jefferson marked a peaceful transition from Federalist to Republican party
- Jefferson's cabinet:
- James Madison: Secretary of State Albert Gallatin: Secretary of the treasury
- Marbury v. Madison case (1803)
- Chief justice John Marshall ruled that portion of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstinutional. Established the power of judicial review and expanded the power of the court
- judicial review
- Allos the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress and the president unconstitutional
- "Four Pillars of Posterity"
- During Jefferson's presidency Part of Hamilton's financial program: manufacturing, commerce, navigation, and agriculture Supported by Jefferson
- Louisiana Purchase 1803
- Jefferson buys Louisiana Territory from Napoleon (Europe) Result: Us doiubles in size and US controls the Mississippi River
- Embargo Act of 1807
- By Jefferson after U.S.S. Chesapeake was attacked by the British US ships not allowed to leave US harbors Ended up hurting the US commerce and was later repealed
- James Madison
- 4th President Republican Jefferson's secretary of state Won presidency in 1808
- Macon's Bill No. 2
- US would resume trade with the first nation, either England or France, that pledged to end its harassement of US shipping Napoleon tricked Madison
- Reasons US declare war on Great Britain in June 1812
- 1. War hawks saw war with England as a way to conquer Canada 2. Westerners were unhappy with the situtation with the Indians 3. Britain continued the impressment of Us seamen
- War Hawks
- newly elected representatives to Congress, republicans in favor of the war of 1812
- William Henry Harrison
- General and governor of the Indiana Territory Fought the Indians and defeated them at Tippecanoe
- Tecumseh
- Shawnee Indian to tried to form a confederation of tribes to fight the advances of the whites
- Tippecanoe
- A very famous Indian battle that made Harrison a hero
- Francis Scott Key
- Wrote the Star-Spangled Banner at the US victory at Fort McHenry
- _____ opposed the war
- New England. They were scared that their power would dimish as new Western States were admitted to the Union
- Hartford Convention
- New England states meet to propose amendment to the Constitution to reduce the power of other sections of the country Federalists were mad about losing war and wanting to end the 3/5 clause and even threatended to secede, but it just made them look bad
- Treaty of Ghent 1814
- The treaty after the War of 1812 ended. It was signed between US and Great Britain. The territory held by Britain and the US was to return to the way it was before the war (status quo ante bellum)
- Results of the War of 1812
- 1. Opened a new way for a new relationship between England and US 2. Embargo led to development of US industries and country began to look within itself for goods and services it needs 3. Absense of Britain and Spain left US free to expand 4. A new spi
- Rush-Bagot Agreement 1818
- Involved the fortification ofthe Great Lakes
- Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
- US buys Florida from Spain
- James Monroe
- 5th President, Virginia Republican Term mark time when US grew from within
- Henry Clay
- proposed the idea of the American System believed that the industrial North would become the manufacturing center for the US Necessary to improve transportation, set up a national banking system, and levy protective tariffs
- Protective tariffs
- taxes on imports high enough to keep out competitive foreign goods Reven from protective tariffs used for internal improvements (roads)
- Second Bank of the United States
- charted by Congress 1816 issued paper money that could be used in all places
- Fletcher v. Peck 1810
- First time Court declared a state law unconstitutional, stating that a state cannot pass laws which violate the federal Constituion
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819
- States cannot interfere with contracts between states and corporations
- McCulloch v. Maryland 1819
- Marshall declared the Bank of US constituational and extened the authority of federal law over state law
- Gibbons v. Ogden 1824
- established the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce. intrastate commerce = under control of the state
- interstate commerce
- commerce among the states
- intrastate commerce
- commerce within the state
- Monroe Doctrine 1823
- US closed to futher colonization, US won't inerfere in existing colonies in Americas or European affairs, Europe shouldn't interfere with US affairs, and if Europe tries to colonize the Western Hemisphere, we will take it as a threat.
- Missouri Compromise
- Maine enters Union as a free state and Missouri enters as a slave state Slavery forbidden north of 36 30 north latitude line except for southern boundary of Missouri
- manifest destiny
- belief to expand westward and occupy the lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific
- During his administration, Jefferson did:
- 1. Reduced number of years necessary to be a citizen 2. allowed Alien and Sedition acts to expire 3. reduced the regular army and navy 4. did nothing to the Bank of US 5. Replaced Federalist office holders with Republicans