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Force Bill: Bill that says Congress is authorized to use the military against belligerent states. Is nullified by South Carolina., 1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because it was passed by Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act.
Hartford Convention: December 1814 - A convention of New England merchants who opposed the Embargo and other trade restriction, and the War of 1812. They proposed some Amendments to the Constitution and advocated the right of states to nullify federal laws. They also discussed the idea of seceding from the U.S. if their desires were ignored. The Hartford Convention turned public sentiment against the Federalists and led to the demise of the party.
Sacagawea: Native American woman that helped Lewis and Clark
Tallmadge Amendment: When Missouri applied for statehood, there was a dispute over whether it would be admitted as a slave state or a free state. The Tallmadge Amendment was a bill which would have admitted Missouri with its existing slave population, but would forbid the introduction of additional slaves and free all slave children at age 25. The Thomas Amendment was a bill which would have admitted Missouri as a slave state but forbid slavery north of the 36°30" latitude in the Louisiana Purchase region. Neither bill was put into effect.
John Marshall: He served in the Continental Army during the Revolution. In the 1790s he had embraced the Federalist Party. Marshall tossed the Republicans a few crumbs by ruling that the Supreme Court could not compel Madison to deliver Marbury's commission. Then he argued that the Court could not issue a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction. The 1st time the court had declared an act of Congress unconstitutional., Justice Marshall was a Federalist whose decisions on the U.S. Supreme Court promoted federal power over state power and established the judiciary as a branch of government equal to the legislative and executive.
Essex Junto: New England's merchants opposed the War of 1812 because it cut off trade with Great Britain. Critics of the war were mainly Federalists who represented New England. The Essex Junto was a group of extreme Federalists led by Aaron Burr who advocated New England's secession from the U.S.
Executive Priviledge: This is the President's right to keep some information secret from Congress and the courts.
Judicial Review: review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court
War Hawks: led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun. Favored punishing Brits through war for seizing merchant ships and violating American neutrality. Also wanted to seize land from Nat Am in the west., new, young and hot-headed congressmen in 1811 that wanted war with GB because their fathers talked about the Revolutionary War; many western farmers; also wanted to eliminate Indians east of Mississippi and attack Canada; got H. Clay appointed as Spkr. of the House
Martin Van Buren: Jackson's vice-president during his second term; 8th president of the United States
Marbury v. Madison: sumpreme court case was the concept of judicial review
Nullification Crisis: Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, South Carolina threatens to ignore the Tariff of 1832, Jackson threatens military force
Sectionalism: loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole
Divorce Bill: States that the finance of the federal government cannot be used for private profit
Tecumseh: a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)
Trail of Tears: The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
We are all federalists, we are all republicans: Thomas Jefferson
James Wilkinson: a general of the US army that became the govenor of District of Louisiana in 1804 (one of the two groups that the land purchased was divided into; the one that contained the state of LA was the Orleans territory)
The Alamo: Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out and a few weeks later Mexican troops massacred some 350 Teas prisoners.
Non-Intercourse Act: prohibited trade only with britain and france
Nationalism: strong pride in one's nation or ethnic group
Tariff of 1816: This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S., Eliminated the price advantage on British goods which increased the amount of goods bought in the U.S. (Clay and Calhoun swayed people in south to pass the tariff)
Talleyrand: The French foreign minster at the time of the Quadruple Alliance, was everybody's' counterpart. Was in power during the division of the land.
Impressment: the act of coercing someone into government service, British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
South Carolina Exposition: Vice-President Calhoun anonymously published the essay South Carolina Exposition, which proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress. It was written in reaction to the Tariff of 1828, which he said placed the Union in danger and stripped the South of its rights. South Carolina had threatened to secede if the tariff was not revoked; Calhoun suggested state nullification as a more peaceful solution.
Nicholas Biddle: Nicholas Biddle became the bank's president. He made the bank's loan policy stricter and testified that, although the bank had enormous power, it didn't destroy small banks. The bank went out of business in 1836 amid controversy over whether the National Bank was constitutional and should be rechartered.
Peggy Eaton: Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson.
Oliver Perry: Oliver Perry led a 1813 naval victory against the British on Lake Erie. Washington D.C. was captured and burned by the British in 1814. The Battle of New Orleans was a great victory for the U.S. in January, 1815, but it took place two weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war
John Calhoun: First vice president during Jackson's presidency, Staunchly pro-slavery vice-president, engineering the Compromise of 1850 and helping further split the nations
Embargo Act: signed by thomas jefferson in 1807 - stop export of all american goods and american ships from sailing for foreign ports
Battle of Tippecanoe: Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison crushes them in this battle
Charles pickney: Youngest delegate to constitutional convention, youngest representative at the constitutional convention; lied about his age, Youngest delegate to constitutional convention
Tariff of Abominations: Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South
Missouri Compromise: Between 1820 and 1821 a series of congressional agreements known as this resolved the crisis. The first of these agreements involved the balances between slave states and free states. In 1820 Congress agreed to admit Maine as a free state, to pave the way for Missouri's admission as a slave state, and to prohibit slavery in the rest of Louisiana.
Convention of 1818: Set the border between the U.S. and Canada at the 49th parallel (or latitude). Also affirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and Labrador.
clay & grundy: United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)
On to Canada: Upon declaring against the British, the War Hawks' made their slogan "On to Canada!" a reality. With forces outnumbering the British almost 35 to 1, they expected a quick and easy victory
Chesapeake Incident: 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.
Treaty of Ghent: a treaty signed in Belgium that ends the War of 1812; it is signed in 1814 but since news took over six weeks to get across, the Battle of New Orleans was still fought in 1815
Florida Purchase Treaty: 1819 - Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. gave american southwest to spain
William Henry Harrison: 9th President of the United States
Aaron Burr: Aaron Burr was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President.
Indian Removal Act: US CONGRESS PASSED IN 1830 TO TRADE LAND IN EAST FOR RESERVATION LAND IN WEST WITH THE INDIANS, ORIGINALLY VOLUNTARY, THEN FORCED BY PRESIDENT JACKSON
Common Man Politics: Jackson's presidency was the called the Age of the Common Man. He felt that government should be run by common people - a democracy based on self-sufficient middle class with ideas formed by liberal education and a free press. All white men could now vote, and the increased voting rights allowed Jackson to be elected.
Cumberland Road: The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.
Whigs: This political party found itself within the era of Jacksonian democracy. It was formed to oppose the policies of President Jackson and the Democratic party. They supported the supremacy of Congress over the Executive Branch (president) and favored a program of modernization and economic development (reform). Name in emulation of the Patriots of 1776. Henry Clay, William Henry Harrison, and Abraham Lincoln. Eventually its leaders either quit politics or changed parties.
Spoils System: the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power
Compromise Tariff of 1833: provided for a gradual lowering of duties and the Force Bill which authorized the president to use arms to collect customs duties in S. Carolina.
John Ross: CHIEF OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, WHO PROTESTED THE TREATMENT OF THE INDIANS AND THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT.
Lewis and Clark: Two explorers sent by the president to explore the Louisiana Purchase
Maysville Road Veto: 1830 - The Maysville Road Bill proposed building a road in Kentucky (Clay's state) at federal expense. Jackson vetoed it because he didn't like Clay, and Martin Van Buren pointed out that New York and Pennsylvania paid for their transportation improvements with state money. Applied strict interpretation of the Constitution by saying that the federal government could not pay for internal improvements.
2nd National Bank: As a Republican, Jefferson opposed the National Bank. The Second Bank of the U.S. was established in 1816 and was given more authority than the First Bank of the U.S. Bank loans were used to finance the American industrial revolution in the period after the War of 1812.
Monroe Doctrine: A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.
Burr conspiracies: After the duel, Burr fled New York and joined a group of mercenaries in the southern Louisiana territory region. The U.S. arrested them as they moved towards Mexico. Burr claimed that they had intended to attack Mexico, but the U.S. believed that they were actually trying to get Mexican aid to start a secession movement in the territories. Burr was tried for treason, and although Jefferson advocated Burr's punishment, the Supreme Court acquitted Burr.

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Number of cards 54