USMLE Step 2 Gold Collection
Terms
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- Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation
- Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
- Antiplatelet Antibodies
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Arachnodactyly
- Marfan's
- Aschoff Bodies
- Rheumatic fever
- Auer Rods
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
- Autosplenectomy
-
Sickle cell anemia: switch a glu to val in β chain
Low O2 ↑ sickling
Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
Salmonella osteomyelitis
Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑ HbF) & Bone marrow transplant - Babinski
- UMN lesion
- Basophilic Stippling of RBCs
- Lead poisoning
- Bence Jones Protein
-
Multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia - Birbeck Granules
- Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
- Blue Bloater
-
Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic
recurrent productive cough) - Boot-Shaped Heart
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Bouchard's Nodes
- Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)
- Boutonniere's Deformity
- Rheumatoid arthritis flex proximal & extend distal IP joints
- Brown Tumor
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Call-Exner Bodies
-
Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma
Granuloma-Theca cell tumor - Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy
- Chagas' Disease
- Chancre
- 1° Syphilis
- Chancroid
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Charcot Triad
- Multiple sclerosis = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
- Charcot-Leyden Crystals
- Bronchial asthma
- Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
- Cerebral lesion
- Chocolate Cysts
- Endometriosis
- Chvostek's Sign
- Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
- Clue Cells
- Gardnerella vaginitis
- Codman's Triangle
- Osteosarcoma
- Cold Agglutinins
-
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Infectious mononucleosis - Condyloma Lata
- 2° Syphilis
- Cotton Wool Spots
-
HTN
Aka, cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions) - Councilman Bodies
- Dying hepatocytes - HepB
- Crescents In Bowman's Capsule
- Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
- Currant-Jelly Sputum
- Klebsiella
- Curschmann's Spirals
- Bronchial asthma
- Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra
- Parkinson's
- Donovan Bodies
- Granuloma inguinale (STD)
- Eburnation
- Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
- Ectopia Lentis
- Marfan's
- Erythema Chronicum Migrans
- Lyme Disease
- Fatty Liver
- Alcoholism
- Ferruginous Bodies
- Asbestosis - & Iron laden
- Ghon Focus / Complex
- Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)
- Glitter Cells
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Gower's Maneuver
- Duchenne's MD use of arms to stand
- Heberden's Nodes
- Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)
- Heinz Bodies
- G6PDH Deficiency
- Heterophil Antibodies
- Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
- Hirano Bodies
- Alzheimers
- Hypersegmented PMNs
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs
- Iron-deficiency anemia or β Thalassemia
- Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
- Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
- Joint Mice
- Osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
- Kaussmaul Breathing
- Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Keratin Pearls
- Squamous Cell CA of skin Actinic Keratosis is a precursor
- Keyser-Fleischer Ring
- Wilson's
- Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
- Diabetic nephropathy: Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix
- Koilocytes
- HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)
- Koplik Spots
- Measles
- Lewy Bodies
- Parkinson's (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
- Lines of Zahn
- Arterial thrombus
- Lisch Nodules
- Neurofibromatosis (von RecklinhausenÂ’s disease) = pigmented iris hamartomas
- Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - prototype of nephritic syndrome
- Mallory Bodies
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- McBurney's Sign
- Appendicitis (McBurney's Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
- Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
- Malakoplakia lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli
- Monoclonal Antibody Spike
- Multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA) MGUS
- Myxedema
- Hypothyroidism
- Negri Bodies
- Rabies
- Neuritic Plaques
- Alzheimers
- Neurofibrillary Tangles
- Alzheimers
- Non-pitting Edema
- Myxedema Anthrax Toxin
- Notching of Ribs
- Coarctation of Aorta
- Nutmeg Liver
- CHF = causing congested liver
- Owls Eye Cells
- CMV Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma) Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever
- Painless Jaundice
- Pancreatic CA (head)
- Pannus
- Rheumatoid arthritis, also see morning stiffnes that ↓ w/ joint use, HLA-DR4
- Pautrier's Microabscesses
- Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Sezary
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- CML
- Pick Bodies
- Pick's Disease
- 2 types of COPD
-
Pink Puffer -Type A: Emphysema
Blue Bloater – Type B: Bronchitis
Emphysema Centroacinar= smoking Panacinar - α1-antitrypsin deficiency - Podagra
- Gout (MP joint of hallux)
- Port-Wine Stain
- Hemangioma
- Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
- Tearing of the ACL
- Psammoma Bodies
-
Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma - Punched-Out Bone Lesions
- Multiple myeloma
- Rash on Palms & Soles
-
2° Syphilis
RMSF
Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease - Red Morning Urine
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. You would use Ham's test to confirm.
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
- Hodgkin's Disease
- Reid Index Increased
- Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness
- Reinke Crystals
- Leydig cell tumor
- Rouleaux Formation
- Multiple myeloma RBC's stacked as poker chips
- S3 Heart Sound
- L→R Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD)Mitral Regurg LV Failure
- S4 Heart Sound
- Pulmonary Stenosis Pulmonary HTN
- Schwartzman Reaction
- Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
- Smith Antigen
- SLE (also anti-dsDNA)Malar Rash, Wire loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VDRL)90% 14-45 yo females also seen w/ use of INH, Procainamide, Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome
- Soap Bubble on X-Ray
- Giant cell tumor of bone
- Spike & Dome Glomeruli
- Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)
- String Sign on X-ray
- Crohn's bowel wall thickening
- Target Cells
- Thalassemia in α Thalassemia w/ no α gene: Hydrops Fetalis & Intrauterine death associations = HbBarts
- Tendinous Xanthomas
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- Thyroidization of Kidney
- Chronic pyelonephritis
- Tophi
- Gout
- Tram-Track Glomeruli
- Membranoproliferative GN: Nephritic syndrome - basement membrane is duplicated into 2 layers
- Trousseau's Sign
- Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis) Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same
- Virchow's Node
- Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
- Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
- Measles
- WBC Casts
- . Pyelonephritis
- Whipple's Triad
- CNS disfunction Hypoglycemic episodes glu injection reverses CNS Sympts
- Wire Loop Glomeruli
- Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)
- ↑ AFP in amniotic fluid or mother's serum
-
Spina Bifida
Anencephaly - ↑ Uric Acid
- Gout Lesch Nyhan Myeloproliferative Disorders Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
- ↓ FEV1/FVC
- COPD
-
"Ground Glass" on chest x-ray
(Hyaline) - Due to Pneumocystis carinii Seen w/ Atelectasia
- Honey Combing of the lung
- Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)
- Crescents
- Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)
- Linear Ig Deposits
- Goodpastures syndrome
- 45 Degree Branch Points
- Aspergillosis
- PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies
- Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia = ↑IgM = Hyperviscosity
- Ground Glass in Abdomen(Hyaline)
- Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies
- Signet Ring Cells
- Cells that replace the ovaries, due to Krukenberg's tumor that has metastasized from the stomach
- Ground Glass Appearance (Hyaline)
- Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)
- Congo Red
- Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls
- Meningiomas & Progesterone
- Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur
- Tuberous Sclerosis Triad
- Seizures, Mental retardation, Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules):
- Cowdry A Inclusions
- Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis - in oligodendroglia
- Devic's Syndrome
- Neuromyelitis Optica A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia
- c-erb B2
- Breast Cancer association
- Foster-Kennedy Syndrome
- A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema
- Hoffman's Sign
- Flicking of the middle fingers nail
- Red Nucleus Destruction
- Intention tremors of the arm
- Ventral Spinocerebellar tr.
- Unconscious proprioception of lower extremities
- Dorsal Spinocerebellar tr.
- Unconscious prorpioception & fine motor movements
- Cuneocerebellar tr.
- Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements of upper extremities
- Dorsal Column
- Conscious proprioception of the body
- SVA
- Taste & Smell
- GSE
- Muscles of the eye & of the tongue
- SSA
- Vision
- GVA
- Sensation of tongue, soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation
- GVE
- Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation Gland innervation = secretions Viscera
- SVE
- Innervation of muscles of masticaiton, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx
- LMN Lesion
- Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy).Poliomyelitis
- Sensory Pathway Lesion
-
Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrich's Ataxia = B12 deficiency
Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis) - Both UMN & LMN Lesion
- ALS = Lou Gherig's Disease
- Both Sensory & Motor Lesion
- Brown Sequard. Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion
- GSA
-
Pain & temperature of face
Sensation of external ear - Arcuate Nucleus
- Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)
- Mamillary Body
- Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernicke's Encephalopathy
- Acanthocytes
- RBSc w/ spiny projections. Seen in Abetalipoproteinemia.
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
- Controls circadian rhythm
- Ventromedial Nucleus
- Satiety center. Savage behavior & obesity when lesioned
- Lateral Nucleus
- Induces eating. Starvation when lesioned