Science - Test 2
Terms
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- The study of living things
- Biology
- What is osmosis
- The continuous movement of water from a solution of higher water content through a semipermeable memmbrane into a solution of lower water content
- This is the green pigment of plants, where is it found
- chlorophyll, in the chloroplasts
- the four basic leaf shapes are
-
broad, flat leaves
long, narrow leaves
needlelike leaves
scaly leaves - Are almost 3/4 of all the flowering plant species monocot or dicots
- dicots
- the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
- pollination
- having two cotoledons
- dicot
- having one cotyledon
- monocot
- scattering or distributing of seeds after they are mature is called
- dispersal
- What are cotyledons
- Cotyledens are sturctures in a seed that are designed for food absorptiona nd storage.
- seed growth stages are
-
first stage - swelling
second stage - growth of radicle
Final stage - the emergence of the plumule above the surface of the ground and the growth of the radicle into a root system. - Scientists who study plants
- Botanists
- What happens during photosynthesis
- Water moves up the stem to the leaves. Carbon dioxide enters through the stomata. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. The energy of the sun splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose. Oxygen passes out through the stomata.
- What is photosythesis
- The food-manufacturing process of plants.
- Plant reproduction without flowers, seeds, or fruits
- Vegetative reproduction
- Any plant wiht a long, thin stem that grows along the gound or has tendrils that twine around a wall or other support
- Vines, they can be either woody or herbaceous
- Food made during photsynthesis is borken down in a reverse process know as
- respiration
- Primary growth of a root is
- Growth in length
- Secondary growth of a root is
- Growth in diameter
- What are stomata
- Tiny pores located on the underside of the leaf. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf from the air that passes through the stomata. Excess oxygen is released though the stomata into the air.
- stigma
- the top fo the vase
- how much area of the earth do grasses cover
- 1/3
- anther
- the top of the stamen
- What is cambium
- A layer of cells between the transport tubes of a woody dicot
- style
- the curved middle of the pistil
- Nonflowering green plants are called
- Gymnosperms
- The branch of biology that specializes in plants
- Botany
- What do stems do for a plant
- Stems support the leaves and lflowers of a plant. The stem is also used for transporting substances and for storing food
- family of plants that have square, stout stems and often have a pleasant odor
- mint family
- A carbohydrate found in the cell wall of plants cells
- cellulose
- Plants that live several years and develop a large amount wood in their stems
- woody plants
- What are the tiny chemical factories inside a leaf's cell that absorbs sunlight
- chloroplasts
- The vased shape stucture in the center of the flower
- Pistil
- Non-wood plants are referred to as
- herbaceous plants
- Root pressure
- The upward force that results as water enters the roots by osmosis
- The phloem does what
- Carries sugars from the leaves back to the stem and roots to be stored
- leaves having no petioles
- sessile
- The second largest plant family is the
- Pea family
- Legumes help restore what to the soil
- Nitrogen
- Explain the root cap
- The outer cone-shaped tip of the root made up of serveral layers of dead cells, it protects the new growth cells as they push through the soil to lengthen the root
- a creeping stem that gorws above the ground
- stolon
- What are the two types of vascular tissue in a plant's transport system
- xylem and Phloem
- The xylem does what
- Carries water and nutrients from the root hairs upward through the root and stem to the leaves
- What does the root system do for a plant
- The root system anchors the plant to the soil, absorbs water and minerals for growth and stores food.
- What type of root system does a dicot have
- A taproot system - the primary root grows straight down and remains larger than the secondary rootlets
- Explain semipermeable membrane
- A membrane that will allow some molecules to pass through, but not others.
- This surrounds the root's transport system and is the inner portion of the root
- Cortex
- What are root hairs
- Tiny hairs that develop from the sides of the root and force their way between soil particles to absorb water and dissoved minerals.
- leaflike structures that surrond the petals of a flower
- sepals
- ovary
- the large rounded part at the bottom of the pistil that holds the ovules
- Capillary action
- The tendency of water molecules to move up through the xylem tissue in response to surface tension
- The largest family of flowering plants
- Composite
- the uniting of a pollen grain with an egg cell resulting in the formation of a seed
- fertilzation
- The tip of the root is called
- the root cap
- Transpiration
- Evaporation of water from the leaves
- Angiosperms
- Flowering plants
- pistil
- vase-shaped structure in the center of the flower
- Legumes
- Seed pods, members of the pea family
- The rise of water through the xylem is aided by
- Root pressure and capillary action
- What type of root system does a monocot have
- Fibrous root system - the primary root remains small, and many slender secondary rootlets grow from it in all directions
- germination
- the early growth of a seed
- filament
- the stem of the stamen
- stamens
- surround the pistil