Plant Reproduction
Terms
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- Pollination by insects
- Insects can carry pollen from flower to flower. Examples are buttercups, orchids, peach and apple. Many white, night scented flower are pollinated by moths.
- Fertilisation (process)
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1) Pollen grains stick to stigma
2) Male gamete moves down pollen tube
3) Pollen tube enters embryo sac through the micropyle.
4) Male and female gameter fuse and fertilisation occurs.
5) Ovule becomes seed and ovary wall forms part of fruit - stamens
-
-male sex organ and is made up of
1) an anther which contains pollen
2) a filament or stalk which holds the anther up.
The pollen is the male eggs. - Pollination
- is the process that takes place when pollen is carried from the anther to a stigma. Most plants need outside agents to carry out pollination. Most important pollinators are insects espically bees and wind.
- Self pollination
- occurs when pollen is carried to the stigma of the same flower or of a flower on the same plant.
- Radicle
- grows into the root system of the plant.
- petal;corolla
- The petals may be coloured or scented to attract insect or bird pollinators
- Cross pollination
- occurs when pollen is carried to the stigma of a flower on another plant.
- Carpel
-
-is the female organ. It is made up of
1) sticky stigma to catch pollen
2) style, which holds up the stigma
3) ovary in which are ovules
The ovules contain female egg cells. - Fertilisation
- The fusing of the male and female gametes
- Plumule
- is the part of the seed embryo that grows into the shoot system - the stem and the leaves of the plant.
- sepal;calyx
- The sepals protect the flower bud
- Pollination by wind
- The wind can carry pollen from flower to flower. Examples include sweet corn, grasses and catkins.
- Conditions needed for Germination
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1) Water - is taken in through the micropyle. The seed swells up and bursts.
2) Oxygen - is used in respriation to produce the energy for growth.
3) Warmth - A suitable temp is required but varies. - nectary
- The nectary makes a sugary liquid called nectar, which insects feed on.
- Cotyledons
-
are the seed's food source. when the seed has germinated the cotyledon may grow into the first leaves which begin the process of photosynthesis
This process provides food for the seedling. - Testa
- The testa or seed coat protects the seed's cotyledons.
- Reproduction
- A plant has flowers for only one reason- to reproduce. The flower is the reproductive organ of a flowering plant. Flowering plants reproduce sexually.