Biology Exam
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Terms
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- mollusks
- gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, characterized by a muscular foot a visceral hump, and a mantle
- Gregor Mendel
- Austrian monk known as the father of science of genetics
- pistol
- part of the flower receives pollen and produces seeds
- diptera
- two winged (flies, gnats, mosquitoes)
- crocodillian
- group of reptiles includes alligators, caimans, and gavials
- tissue
- group of similar body cells that work together to accomplish the task of an organ
- genus
- comes before the species in a scientific name
- viruses
- tiny capsules of genetic information that cause disease by reprogramming the machinery of living cells
- orthoptera
- straight winged insects, (cockroach, cricket, grasshopper.)
- nucleus
- the large, usually spherical body near the center of the cell that serves as the cell's master control center
- law of independent assortment
- the law of genetics which states that many traits of an organism are inherited independently of each other
- swim bladder
- organ helps a fish to remain at a fixed depth
- caudal fin
- fin serves as a rudder and propeller on a fish
- carnivores
- wolves, tigers, and seals
- evergreens
- conifers, redwoods, and firs
- retina
- part of the eye detects images and transmits them to the brain
- pleiotrophy
- the type of inheritance in which a single gene influences several seemingly unrelated traits
- DNA
- deoxyribonucleic acid; substance found in the cell's nucleus that contains the "blue prints" and serves as the mater control program
- coeleterates
- jellyfish, corals, hydras, sea anemones
- neprons
- the working units of the kidneys that do the job of filtering wastes from the blood
- polygenic
- type of inheritance in which a single trait is controlled by many different pairs of genes
- kidneys
- small, bean shaped organs of the lymphatic system that serve as "bases" and staging ares for white blood cells
- ball and socket joint
- hip and shoulder
- phloem
- transports food downward
- vascular system
- xylem and phloem
- rungs
- cytosine, thymine, guanine, adenine
- layers of skin
- epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
- cellular repiration
- process produces energy by combining foods with oxygen
- amoeba
- move by pseudopods
- gnawing mammals
- rodents such as rats and squirrels
- aveoli
- tiny air chambers in the lungs that allow gases to be exchanged between the air and blood
- pectoralis major
- largest chest muscles which help to pull arms forward
- jacobson organ
- organ on a snake provides it with its keen sense of smell.
- bird bones
- are hollow
- cone cells
- type of cells found in the retina help to distinguish color and provide the sharpest vision
- stem
- petiole of a flower
- antibodies
- the Y-shaped protein molecules that are produced by white blood cells that help fight infections
- segmented worms
- earthworms, seaworms, leeches
- axon
- type of neuron relays signals between other neurons and process information in the central nervous system
- abortion
- the killing of a child before birth
- chlorophyll
- green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis
- xylem
- transports food upward; another name for wood.
- ribosomes
- small organelles that serve as the "protein factories" of the cell
- hypothesis
- is a tentative solution to a scientific problem
- incomplete metamorphosis
- grasshoppers
- diaphragm
- muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and helps with breathing
- angiosperm
- flowering plants that reproduce by means of seeds covered by fruit
- complete metamorphosis
- when an insect begins life as a wormlike larva
- haploid
- a gamete that is half the usual number of chromosomes
- amphibians heart
- 3 chambers
- plasma
- liquid portion of blood
- paleontology
- study of fossils
- RNA
- messenger, transfer, ribosomal
- migration
- annually moving to different regions
- sex-linked
- hereditary traits that are carried only on the X chromosome
- Carolus Linnaes
- Swedish naturalist who devised the scientific system of classification
- carbs
- food group that the majority of ones calories come from
- plumule
- part of the seed develops into the stem and leaves of a plant
- differentation
- when cells inside a developing embryo take on specialized forms to become blood cells, nerve cells, etc,
- arachnids
- spiders and scorpians
- dicots
- seeds with two cotyledons, branching veins, taproot system and flowers with petals in multiples of 4 or 5
- Charles Darwin
- British naturalist who wrote the Origin of Species and Descent of Man; and proposed the hypothesis of evolution by natural selection
- cranium
- body cavity that contains the brain
- cytoplasm
- fluid medium of the cell
- law of dominance
- the law of genetics which states that dominant traits show up in the offspring even if a gene for a different trait is also present
- hemoglobin
- iron-containing protein molecule found in red blood cells that help the blood carry oxygen
- meiosis
- the special division cells undergo that result in cells with half the normal number of chromosomes (ex. gametes)
- instinct
- unlearned knowledge that an animal possesses from birth
- genotype
- actual combination of genes that a person inherits for a particular trait
- viviparous mammals
- the embryos develop in the uterus
- cerebrum
- part of the brain primarily coordinates voluntary muscle activity
- ochinoderms
- group of invertebrates characterized by spiny, skin, radial, symmetry, and a water-vascular sytem.
- fibrous root
- type of root system where a roots branch off a main root forming a secondary root system
- survival of the fittest
- the idea that animals or plants that are well suited to their environment are more likely to survive than those who are not
- poikilothermic animals
- must regulate their body temperature by external factors
- composite flowers
- flowers that consist of both disk flowers and ray flowers
- replication
- process by which DNA is copied
- egg laying and marsupials
- two groups of mammals that reproduce differently from ordinary place
- mitochondria
- sausage-shaped organelles that serve as the "power plants" of the cell
- ruminants
- chew the cud
- pituitary gland
- "master gland" of the body which produces growth hormones
- multiple gene inheritance
- type of inheritance in which there are more than two different forms of a gene for a particular trait. (ex. human blood)
- pathogens
- organism that causes disease
- double-helix
- the type of structure that DNA has
- root hairs
- tiny structures that project off of the epidermal cells of a root and absorb water and minerals
- bird heart
- 4 chambers
- dorsal fin
- fin is found on the top of a fish and is considered a median fin
- forearm
- radius and ulna
- transcription
- RNA is copied by using a DNA template
- homosapian
- fossils represent a real man
- mutations
- typographical errors in the genetic code
- amino acids
- proteins are composed of long chains of simpler molecules
- alleles
- two different forms of the same gene
- small intestine
- body's primary organ of digestion and absorption
- insect
- head, thorax, abdomen
- bony and cartiliginous
- two main types of fish
- gills
- organs on each side of a fish's head help it to extract oxygen from the water
- law of segregation
- the law of genetics which states that when hybrids are crossed with each other, the recessive trait separates again in some of the offspring
- invertebrate
- animal that lacks a backbone or notochord
- Louis Pasteur
- French scientist who formulated the germ concept of disease