ap bio chapter 6
Terms
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- Dermal tissue
- single layer of packed cells covers entire plant and protects it
- Photoperiodism
- physiological response to a photoperiod
- Water potential
- combined effects of solute concentration and pressure cell wall contributes
- Stamen
- male reproductive organs
- Vascular tissue
- continuous throuh the plant and responsible transport materials through roots
- Annuals
- if life span occurs over one year
- Parasitic plant
- photosynthetic rely on other plants and nutrients
- xylem
- transports water and minerals up from the roots
- Internodes
- parts of the stem between the nodes
- Carnivorous plants
- photosynthetic minerals by digestin small animals
- sepals
- protect the floral bud before it opens
- Megasporocyte
- grows and undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores
- Apoplast
- non-living continuum that if formed by the extracellular pathway formed by the continuous matrix of cell walls
- perennials
- life occurs over a number of years
- Thigmomorphogenesis
- change in form of a plant that results from mechanical disturbance
- Thigmotropism
- directional growth in a plant as a response to a touch
- Phototropism
- growth of a shoot in a certain direction as a response to light
- Negative phototropism
- growth of the plant away from light
- Axillary buds
- located at the top end of the stem where growth occurs
- Epidphytes
- not parasitic grow on the surface of other plants
- Macronutrients
- carbon, oxyen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium
- Hormones
- chemical messagers that act to coordinate the different parts of an organism
- biennials
- if life occurs over the course of two years
- Long-day plants
- flower in the late spring or early summer
- Ovules
- form and contain single sporangium
- Nodes
- points at which leaves are attached
- Tropoism
- growth response in a plant that results in the plant growing either toward or away
- Mycorrhizae
- roots associated with fungi
- Monoecious
- species have staminate and carpelate flowers located on the same plant
- Heat-shock proteins
- perform an as-yet unknown function in the cell
- phloem
- transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant
- Root pressure
- occurs when water flowing in from the root cortex generates positive pressure forces fluid up through xylem
- pollen tube
- germinates produces extends toward the ovary
- Carpels
- female reproductive organs
- zone of maturation
- primary growth complete their differentiation and become mature
- Sclerenchyma cells
- exists in the part of the cells no longer grow and have tough cell walls
- Sugar source
- plant organ where sugar is being produced
- Topsoil
- mixture of particles from rock, living organisms
- Guard cells
- control the size of the opening in the stomata and regulate plant water intake
- Transpiration
- loss of water vapor from the leaves and other parts that come in contact with air
- Circadian rhythms
- cycle about 24 hours and are not paced by environment
- Bulk flow
- movement of water through the plant by pressure
- Positive Phototropism
- growth of a plant toward light
- zone of cell division
- cells divide rapidly
- Taproot
- made up of thick vertical root with many lateral roots
- Fibrous roots
- mat of thin roots spread below soil's surface
- Blue light detection
- cryptochromes, phototropin, and zeaxanthin
- Primary growth
- occurs when the plant grows at the apical meristems
- nodules
- roots composed of plant cells contain nitrogen bacteria
- Turgor pressure
- pressure exerted against cell wall when the cell is filled with water
- Aquaporins
- channels in the plant cell walls designed for the passage of water
- Petals
- attracts insects to plant with the color and fragrance
- Blade
- flat part of the leaf
- Asexual reproduction
- produces clones, vegetative reproduction
- Dioecious
- species have staminate flowers and carpelate flowers on different plant
- Ground tissue
- anything that is a dermal or vascular tissue
- Phytochromes
- pigments that are involved in many plants responses to light
- Micronutrients
- chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel
- Self-incompatibility
- plant rejects pollen closely related individual
- Gravitropism
- plant's response to gravity
- zone of elongation
- cells elongate significantly
- Photomorphogenesis
- describe the effects of light on plant morphology
- Root system
- beneath the ground
- Tracheids
- dead cells form conduit through which water passes
- Tonoplast
- regulates molecules into and out of the vacuole
- Apical dominance
- terminal bud prohibits the growth of axillary buds
- Day neutral plants
- flower in days at length
- Short-day plants
- require period of light shorter
- Casparian strip
- prevents substances from goin around the cells
- Shoot system
- above the ground
- Symplast
- continuum of cytoplasm connected by plasmodesmata between cells
- Stele
- central of the vascular tissue which xylem and phloem develop
- Sugar sink
- organ that consumes sugar
- Collencyma cells
- help support the growing parts of the plant
- Petiole
- joins the leaf to a node of the stem