Biology Final 2, Biology God's living creation, second edition
Terms
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- transcription
- the process by which a cell produces an RNA copy of a DNA template
- natural selection
- the concept that species well suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce than weak or unfit animals
- instinct
- an untaught behavior which an animal possesses from birth
- conifers
- a gymnosperm that bears cones
- types of RNA
- ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA
- DNA
- deoxyribonucleic acid
- angiosperms
- flowering seed plants
- DNA vs. RNA
- DNA governs the construction and operation of the cell and contains the "blueprints" used to construct the cell's machinery. RNA performs several functions related to protein synthesis in the cell
- lymph nodes
- organs of the lymphatic system that serve as "bases" and staging areas for white blood cells
- replication
- the process by which the DNA molecules is duplicated
- haploid
- member of each homologous pair
- cytoplasm
- a jellylike fluid that serves as the fluid medium of a cell
- aminoacids
- the building blocks of proteins
- Charles Darwin
- a young British naturalist who theorized the theory of Evolution
- root hairs
- long, fingerlike projections of a root's epidermal cells that greatly increase the root's water-absorbing surface area
- taproot system
- a type of root system in which the primary root penetrates the soil with relatively little branching , remains larger than the secondary roots that branch off from it
- gills
- an organ of respiration through which gases are exchanged between the animal's blood and the surrounding water
- subcutaneous layer
- 3rd layer of the skin
- differentiation
- the process a cell changes from a generalized form to become a specialized cell
- small intestine
- the main organ of absorption and digestion
- tissue
- similar body cells work together to help the organs
- polygenic inheritance
- a type of inheritance in which ha single trait is influenced by several different pairs of genes
- fibrous root
- type of root system in which the primary root remains small and funny slender secondary roots grow from it in all directions
- alveoli
- microscopic, thin-walled chambers that make up the tissue of the lungs and allow gases to pass between the air and bloodstream
- abortion
- the killing of an unborn child
- plasma
- the liquid part of blood
- law of segregation
- when hybrids are crossed with each other, the recessive trait segregates, or separates, again in some of the offspring
- pollination
- the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma portion of a pistil
- chlorophyll
- the green pigment in plants
- mutations
- a random change or "typographical errors" in the genetic code of an organism
- Louis Pasteur
- a French chemist and microbiologist who first applied scientific theory to solve the practical problems of industry and medicine
- meiosis
- type of a cell division in which the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced to half the number in the parent cell, making sexual reproduction possible
- cerebellum
- the part of the brain that lies behind the brain stem and just below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
- cranium
- portion of the skull which encloses and protects the brain
- pathogen
- any organism that causes disease
- Gregor Mendel
- an Austrian monk who uncovered the true nature of genetics and heredity
- viruses
- a tiny capsule of genetic information that reprograms the machinery of a living cell to produce new virus particles instead of the cell's normal products
- paleontology
- study of fossils
- monocots
- 1 cotyledon, parallel veins, petals in multiples of 3, fibrous root system
- law of dominance
- dominant traits show up in the offspring even if a gene fro a different trait is also present
- phloem
- vascular tissue that transports food manufactured in the leaves downward from the leaves to the rest of the plant
- double helix
- double spiral
- carbohydrates
- the main source of energy for doing things
- nephrons
- the structural and functional units of the kidneys, each consisting of a glomerulus
- epidermis
- 1st layer of the skin
- dicots
- 2 cotyledons, branching veins, petals in multiples of 4 or 5, taproot system
- diaphragm
- the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities in mammals and man
- pleiotrophy
- a type of genetic inheritance that occurs when a single gene influences several unrelated traits
- pectoralis major
- the largest of the chest muscles
- laws of independent assortment
- many traits of an organism are inherited independently of each other
- plumule
- the tiny shoot of a plant embryo that develops into the plant's stem and leaves
- xylem
- vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves
- composite flowers
- a flower made up of many seperate flowers
- migration
- annually moving to a different region
- ribosomes
- "protein factories" of the cell
- ball and socket joint
- a freely movable joint in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a hollow socket of another bone
- multiple gene inheritance
- a type of inheritance that occurs when there are more than two different genes that may occupy a certain place on a chromosome
- interneurons
- neurons that relay signals between other neurons or groups of neurons
- amoeba
- a microscopic, single-celled animal that can live in soil or water
- radius
- the bone on the same side as your thumb, is attached to the ulna and humerus by a weaker but more movable joint that allows it to rotate around the ulna
- classification
- kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
- 4 types of bases of DNA
- guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine
- nucleus
- "control center" of the cell
- hypothesis
- an unproved scientific idea used as a tentative explanation of a problem or as a basis for further research
- pistil
- the central, vase-shaped structure of a reptoductive organs
- ulna
- the bone of the same side of your forearm as your little finger, is attached firmly to the humerus by a strong hingelike joint
- sex-linked traits
- a trait determined by a recessive gene located on an X chromosome
- mitochondria
- "power plants" of the cell, breaking down carbohydrates and other compounds and using the energy to form ATP
- dermis
- 2nd layer of the skin
- antibodies
- Y-shaped protein molecules that attach to pathogens or foreign substances in the body
- pituitary gland
- "master gland"
- hemoglobin
- a special iron-containing blood protein which unites easily with oxygen
- Carolus Linnaeus
- a Swedish naturalist that devised a simple, practical method of classification for use by scientists