quiz
Terms
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- secondary consumers
- like rats and mice who eat hervorous organisms like insects
- tertiary consumers
- snakes, because they eat secondary consumers
- ectotherms
- heating up by using solar energy rather than through the metabolic breakdown of food (lizards,snakes)
- batesian mimicry
- a palatable species mimics another one to scare away preditors
- tacheophyta
- a vascular plant
- platyheiminthes
- no gut in these worms, parasitic, they are flat for easy attachment to prey
- detrivores
- another name for decomposers
- density-independant factor
- is a populations-limiting factor whose intensity is unrelated to a populatioin
- stability
- a communities ability to resist change and return to its original species composition after being disturbed
- deuterostome
- protosomes develope the anus first, then the mouth (radical symmetry and true coelum)
- population ecology
- concentrates mainly on factors that affect population density and growth
- monoecious plants
- have seperate male and female flowers on the same plant. many plants are this
- growth rate
- the change in the population size per time interval
- entomology
- the study of insects
- asemmetry
- lack of symmetry in the organism
- community
- consists of all organisms that in habit a particular area, it is an assemblage of populations of different species.
- pharyngeal sites
- gill structures in the pharynx, the region of the digestive tube just behind mouth
- population
- a group of individuals from the same species living in the same geographic area
- eubacteria's characteristics
- all eubacteria are unicellular--microscopic--some can make their own food (autotrophs) while others rely on external sources of nutrition, absorb there nutrition
- chordata
- turtle, aligators, snake lizard. reptiles are the most ancient species
- ecosystem
- includes all abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area
- energy flow
- the passage of energy through the components of an ecosystem
- preditor
- consumer and the food species is the prey
- porifera
- sponges, radical symetry, spicauols
- predation
- where organisms eat other other organisms
- protist
- simplest of the eukaryotes, most unicellular, can have some organelles
- phytoplankton
- an important sea autotrophic producer
- species diversity
- considers both diversity factors, species richness and relative abundance
- life table
- tracks survivorship and mortality in a population.
- zooplankton
- mainly protist and microscopic animals, they prey on phytoplankton
- ciliophora
- mainly freshwater organisms some speceies are pathenogenic
- ecosystem
- consists of all the organisms in a given area
- organismal ecology
- concerned witht the evolutonary adaptatoins that enable individual organisms to meet the challenges posed by their abiotic enviroment
- herbivores
- eats plants and algae
- intraspecic competition
- competition between individuals of the same species for the same limited resources
- equilibrial life history
- often seen in larger bodied and longer lived species.individuals usually reproduce later
- chidaria
- jellyfish, coral, sea stars. this phylum contains the portuguese man of war
- triploblastic
- bilateral symmetry and a third layer in-between ectoderm and endoderm called mesoderm
- bilateral symmetry
- symmetry in which similiar anatomical parts arranged on the opposite sides of a median axis so that only one plane can divide the individual into essentially identical halves
- population-limiting factors
- enviromental factors that restrict population growth
- primary consumers
- grazing animals, snails-cows
- chemical cycling
- the use of and reuse of chemical elements such as carbon and nitrogen within the ecosystem
- cryptic coloration
- a passive defense that makes potential prey difficult to spot in its backround
- amniotic egg
- a fluid filled egg, enclosed by a shell inside of which the embryo developes
- niche
- the sum total of a species use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its enviroment
- parasitism
- when one organism benefits and the other is harmed
- notochord
- a flexible longitudinal rod located between the digestive track and the nerve cord
- population density
- is the number of indidivuals of a species per unit or volume
- competitive exclusion principle
- concept that two species that rely on the same things cannot coexist in the same community, One of the species will gain total control
- Dipoblastic
- radical symmetry and two layers called ectoderm and endoderm
- keystone preditor
- reduces the density of the strongest competitors in a community.
- pseudocoelomate
- literally "false cavity" which is a fully functional body cavity. Tissues derived from mesoderm only partly lines the fluid filled body cavity of these animals. Coelomate organs are better organized
- community ecology
- focus on how interactions between species, such as predation, competition and symbiosis affect community structure and organization
- detritus
- dead material left over by all trophic levels
- parasite
- obtains its nutrients by living on the host
- symmetry
- the balanced distibution of duplicate body parts or shapes
- quanternary consumers
- an organism that eats tertiary consumers like a hawk that eats a tertiary snake
- acoelomate animals
- no body cavity at all. organs have direct contact with the epithelium. Semi-solid mesodermal tissues between the gut and body will hold their organs in place
- trophic structure
- the feeding relationships among the various species that make up the community
- food webs
- simplified model of feeding relationships in an ecosystem
- arthropoda
- scorpion,cock roach, crabs. segmented protosomes with lots of legs and an appetite for decaying debris
- interspecific competition
- when two or more species in a community rely on similar limited resources
- nematoda
- sac worms, ring worm. this phylum contains thelargest number of animals
- arthropoda
- spiders,beetles, this phylum contains the largest number of species
- chondichthyans
- cartilaginous fish, sharks and rays
- protosome
- develope so that the first opening in the embryo is the mouth (bilateral semmetry,three germ layers and the true coelum)
- mutualism
- a symbiosis that benefits both organisms
- fungi
- eukaryotic,non-vasclar,reproduce by means of spores,both sexual and asexual, typically not motile
- interspecific interactions
- the various interactions between species
- normal flora
- The mixture of organisms regularly found at any anatomical site
- lateral line
- a row of sensory organs running along each side of the body, enables sahrks to pick up on near by vibrations
- cephalization
- is an evolutionary trend, whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism. This process eventually produces a head region with sensory organs
- tetra pods
- four feet
- carrying capacity
- the number of individuals in a population that the enviroment can maintain
- phylum
- a taxonomic rank at the level below Kingdom and above Class.
- primary succession
- when a community arises in a virtually lifeless area with no soil
- resource partitioning
- the differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community
- water vascular system
- network of water filled canals that circulate water throughout the enchinodems body
- 3 groups of mammals
- monotremes (egg laters), marsupials (pouched animals) and eutherians which make up 95%
- dioecious
- have male flowers on the plant and female flowers on another. these are a much smaller number in nature
- acclimation
- physiological response that is longer term, though still reversible.
- expodential growth model
- a model describing the rate of expansion of a population under ideal, unregulated conditions
- oppertunistic life history
- often seen in small bodied species, the pattern of reproducing when young and producing many offspring.
- species richness
- the total number of different species in a community
- annenda
- leach's,earth worms, feather dustor. this phylum contains segmented worms
- disturbances
- are episodes that damage biological communities, by destroying organisms and altering the resources
- habitats
- specific enviroments in which organisms live.
- mark-recapture method
- marking and recapturing animals to gain insight on the habitats population of a species
- chordat divided into 3 subphyla
- lancelets, tunicates and vertibraes
- life history
- the series of events from birth through reproduction and death.
- density-dependant factor
- is a population-limiting factor whose effects intensify as the population increases in density
- fruit
- ripened ovary
- food chain
- the sequence of food transfer from trophic level to trophic level
- producers
- the autotrophic organisms like plants
- dispersion pattern
- the way individuals are spaced within the populations geographic range
- warning coloration
- animals with chemical defenses are often brightly colored, as a caution to preditors
- sarcodina
- best know for their psudopods"false feet" used for locomotion and feeding
- 4 categories of artbopods
- arachnids, crustaceans, milapeeds and centipedes
- Coelomate AKA eucoelomates
- fluid filled body cavity called a coelum with a complete lining called peritoneum derived from mesoderm. The complete lining allows organs to be attached
- secondary succession
- occurs when a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact
- post-anal tail
- a tail to the rear of the anus
- echinodermata
- starfish sand dollars
- ecological succession
- after a major disturbance the organisms that replace the latter perform this kind of succession
- mollusca
- clams,shells.
- sim bladder
- gas filled sac
- opercolum
- covers a chamber houseing the gills and it moves pushing water through the gills to enable the fish to stay still
- age structure
- population of individuals in diff. age groups
- mullerian mimicry
- when two or more unpalatble species resemble each other
- survivorship curve
- a plot of the number of people still alive at each age
- endotherms
- they use their own metabolic heat to maintain warmth, constant body temp.
- biosphere
- is the global ecosystem- the sum of all the planets ecosytems , or all of life and where it lives.
- oppertunistic pathogen
- an infectious microorganism that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause disease when the host's resistance is low
- 3 mojor groups of molluscs
- gastropods( snails,slugs), bivalves( clams,oysters), and cephalopods (Squids)
- logistic growth model
- a model that that describes the idealized population growth that the enviroment can just maintain, with no net increase or decrease
- trophic levels
- a level in the food chain