Biology Semester I Exam Review
Terms
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- covalent
- nonmetals form ___________ compounds with other nonmetals
- compound light
- micrscope containing two lenses and used in common high school labs
- aerobic
- The most efficient type of respiration is ______.
- hypotonic
- Water moves into a cell when the cell is placed in a _________ solution.
- electron microscope
- The type of microscope which has the greatest magnification
- ethics
- The study of standards for what is right and wrong is called ______.
- glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂)
- What are the two products of photosynthesis?
- photosynthesis
- The light reaction and calvin cycle are two parts to ________________
- meter
- The metric base unit for length is
- gametes
- The parent's ________________ are written on the top and side of a punnett square
- less
- Acids have a pH _______ than seven.
- telophase II
- The phase of meiosis when 4 haploid cells form is called
- tetrads
- During prophase I of Meiosis, homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) which come together are called ___________
- ATP
- The energy molecule that cells use is called _________________
- aerobic respiration
- glycolysis, krebs and electron transport chain are all steps in
- meiosis
- Division of cells that will form gametes
- egg
- The gamete produced by the mother.
- phenotype
- Looking at the physical features of a dog will provide the dog's ________.
- interphase
- The longest phase of the cell's cycle.
- metric
- Science uses which system to measure items?
- replication
- The process of DNA copying itself is called ___________________
- nucleus
- Control Center of Cell
- osmosis
- Water leaving or entering a cell does so through a process known as __________.
- endoplasmic reticulum
- Folded membrane where reactions occur
- cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
- Put in order from largest to smallest: DNA, nucleotide, cell, chromosome, nucleus
- cancer
- Viruses, environmental influences and radiation are examples of things that can cause _________.
- 2
- The first electron energy level can contain a maximum of ______ electrons
- nitrogen
- Proteins contain what element that fats and carbohydrates don't have?
- Mendel
- Known as Father of Genetics
- autosomes
- 22 pair of chromosomes not including the sex chromosomes
- eukaryotic cells
- A cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles is termed ____________.
- Hooke
- First to describe cells
- uracil
- Replaces the Thymine in an RNA molecule.
- cell theory
- all life is made of cells which are the basic units of life and must come from preexisting cells is called the ________.
- tRNA
- Clover shaped RNA that picks up amino acids for transport to the ribosome
- law of Segregation
- Mendel's law that states only one factor from each parent is passed to the offspring is called _______.
- living things
- Biology is the study of ______________.
- metaphase
- What phase is identified by chromosomes lining up along the cell's mid-line?
- crossing over
- When parts of homologous chromatids exchange places with one another which creates genetic recombinations.
- glycolysis
- The first step in BREAKING DOWN a glucose molecule
- observing
- Questions arise from individuals __________ the world around them.
- polarity
- Water can dissolve many compounds because of its
- mitosis
- Division of body cells
- theory
- A scientific explanation that's been tested over time is a _________.
- four
- Carbon atoms must share ____________ electrons to be stable
- arrangement of atoms
- Compounds with the same chemical formula will differ in ________________
- metaphase
- Chromosomes line up along midline
- nitrogen bases
- What part of the DNA molecule gets copied during transcription?
- chloroplast
- Chlorophyll is located in what organelle?
- transcription
- Process which forms Messenger RNA
- gene Therapy
- nasal spray allowing good genes to enter and person's body
- sex-linked
- Royal hemophilia is the result of _____________ inheritance
- alleles
- Alternate forms of a gene are called ______________.
- control Group
- The part of a science experiment that's kept the same.
- gram
- The metric unit commonly used for mass is _____ for small items and kilogram for heavier items.
- double helix
- The shape of the DNA molecule.
- carbon dioxide + water + light yeilds glucose and oxygen
- The word equation for photosynthesis
- nucleus
- Protons and neutrons are located in the __________ of an atom.
- centromere
- Chromatids of a chromosome attach to spindle fibers by the ___________
- dynamic Equilibrium
- When diffusion slow down and stops __________ is reached.
- nucleotide
- Is made up of one sugar, base and a phosphate group.
- codominant
- Blood types are the result of ______________ inheritance
- cell membrane
- Boundary of the cell
- pyruvic acid
- During the first step of respiration, glucose is broken down into
- respiration
- the breakdown of glucose to usable energy
- deoxyribose
- The sugar of a DNA molecule.
- base
- pH of 13 is considered a strong ____________.
- dependent variable
- The measured outcome of an experiment
- hypertonic
- Water moves out of a cell when the cell is placed in a ________ solution like sugar water.
- mRNA
- Type of RNA that is a blue print of the DNA molecule which leaves the nucleus during protein synthesis
- cytosine
- Guanine base binds to _________
- plasma membrane
- What part of a cell maintains the cells homeostasis?
- XX
- Males have XY chromosomes and females have sex chromosomes called _____.
- cilia
- Short hair-like; used for movement
- lysosome
- Sac of digestive enzymes
- recessive alleles
- Most human genetic disorders are caused by
- hypothesis
- A testable explanation for a question or problem
- substrates
- Enzymes attach to molecules called __________that undergo chemical reactions in the body
- sex chromosomes
- The 23rd set of chromosomes is called ______.
- animals cells
- Which type of cells do not have a cell wall?
- punnett Square
- A device used to show the offspring combinations of two parents.
- deoxyribose sugar
- The backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of a phosphate
- prophase
- Cell begins to undergo Mitosis by coiling up chromosomes
- cell membrane cytoplasm and nucelus
- The three main parts of a cell
- acid
- A substance that forms hydrogen ions in water is an
- translation
- The dropping off of amino acids for protein assembly is called ______.
- physical
- Dissolving substances is a ___________ change since you can achieve the solid again by boiling the liquid
- characteristics of living things
- Ability to reproduce, high level of organization, growth, adaptation, responding to stimuli and requiring energy are all examples of
- 50%
- The percent chance a couple will always have a boy is _______.
- scientific Method
- Steps used in science that gathers information, tests hypothesis, and solve problems is called
- choroplast
- Converts light energy to chemical energy
- skin cancer
- What could be one result of mutated skin cells of a person?
- experiment
- A test of a hypothesis
- fertilization
- The process of a sperm uniting with an egg is called __________.
- experiment
- A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is called an _______.
- polymers
- Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are all large molecules called _____________.
- organ system
- Which term is most complex: cell, organ system, organ or tissue?
- cancer
- uncontrolled division of cells creates a tumor that can spread resulting in
- quantitative research
- Research that's reported in numerical form with charts and graphs.
- energy
- In order for your body to undergo reactions and normal body function, it requires _____.
- pedigree
- diagram showing an inherited disease over several generations
- diploid
- A cell containing the full set (2) alleles for each trait is said to be _____.
- vacuole
- Storage sacs
- reproduce
- All living things __________ to make more of themselves.
- translocation
- The process of a part of a chromosome breaking off and is added to a different chromosome is called _____________
- frameshift
- When a DNA segment has an added or lost nitrogen base it's called a _________ mutation.
- organic
- All carbon compounds are called ___________________.
- adenine
- _____________ bonds to thymine on a DNA molecule or uracil on RNA.
- cytosine
- Guanine always bonds to what nitrogen base?
- data
- Information gathered through experimentation.
- nitrogen bases
- When DNA is copied, these pair up to form a new strand.
- series of enzymes
- What monitors the cell's cycle from phase to phase?
- photosynthesis
- Converting light energy into glucose
- mitochondria
- Power-house of the cell (converts larger molecules into ATP for energy use)
- metaphase I
- The phase of meiosis when homologous chromosomes line up in two lines along the mid-line of the cell is called
- polar bodies
- Meiosis produces 4 sperm or 1 egg and 3 _________.
- independent variable
- The variable being tested in an experiment
- anaphase
- Chromatids separate at the centromere
- cytoplasm
- jelly-like matrix that suspends organelles
- anaphase II
- The phase of meiosis when chromatids separate from each other
- interphase
- Phase the cell spends most of it's time in
- heterozygous
- Two alleles; one dominant and one recessive is said to be ______.
- adenosine triphosphate
- What does ATP stand for?
- double
- Unsaturated fats contain ________ bonds
- Leeuwenhoek
- Known as the Father of Microscopy
- synapsis
- The actual moving of homologous chromosomes to pair up during prophase I is called
- chromatin
- Thin strands of DNA
- neutrons
- Isotopes are the same atoms with different numbers of
- electrophoresis
- placing cut DNA in a gel-filled well to separate them by size and charge
- respiration
- The process which burns glucose to produce energy.
- 4
- N₂O₂ has how many total atoms?
- compound
- Two or more elements chemically bonding together is called a _____________.
- concentration gradient
- Diffusion continues until there is no ____________.
- point mutation
- A DNA segment that's changed from CAT to GAT while being copied is called
- chlorophyll
- Green pigment that traps light energy is called ____________.
- 36
- total net ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule during aerboic respiration
- meiosis
- Reducing 78 chromosomes to 39 is the result of ___________
- telophase
- Two new cells form
- proteins
- A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of ________.
- rRNA
- A globular RNA that is combined with special protein that makes up a ribosome
- flagella
- long whip-like extension of the cell used for movement
- cells
- All living things are made up of _________.
- protein synthesis
- Putting amino acids together
- ribose
- The sugar of a RNA molecule.
- gain
- Non-metals like chlorine typically will _________ electrons to become stable.
- deletion
- When a portion of a chromosome is missing or breaks off.
- isotopes
- Carbon-12 carbon-13 carbon-14 are examples of ___________
- polarity
- water has slight charges on its ends due to unequal sharing of electrons causing a property called
- hydrogen bonds
- The attraction of a hydrogen atom of one water molecule to an oxygen atom of another water molecule forms
- lipid bilayer
- The cell membrane is made up of a ________________.
- where the person lives
- Cancer rates for people will follow according to the country ____________
- active Transport
- When a cell moves particles from an area of lesser concentration to greater concentration it uses ________.
- chemical reaction
- Burning of paper is an example of a ______________ reaction.
- response
- Living things adjust to a stimulus by a ______________.
- ionic
- metals and nonmetals form __________ compounds
- liter
- The metric unit for volume is
- electron clouds
- Electrons move about the nucleus in regions called ____________.
- karyotype
- picture of chromosomes which help locate abnormalities
- heredity
- The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called __________.
- incomplete dominant
- Pink flowers from red and white parent combination shows the trait is ____.
- proteins
- Enzymes in the human body are ___________.
- fermentation
- __________ occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is absent
- photosynthesis
- The MAKING of a glucose molecule occurs through the process called _________
- meiosis
- What cell division reduces the number of chromosomes by 1/2?
- selective permeability
- The cell's cytoplasm can differ from the cell's surroundings due to the cell membrane's _________________
- ribosome
- the site of protein synthesis
- amino acids
- Proteins are made up of __________________.
- technology
- Applying science to the needs and problems of our society is called ________.