Mantzke Biology 2nd sementer Freshman
Biology freshman 2nd semester
Terms
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- Malpighian tubele
- slender fingerlike organ of excretion that opens into the gut of certain arthropods
- sporophyte
- diploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternation of generations diploid individual that produces spores
- order
- taxonomic category consisting of rfamilies with similar characteristics
- herbivore
- organism that eats only plants or algae
- amoeba
- a protist that moves using flexible cytoplasmic extensions
- class
- taxonomic category containing orders with common characteristics
- nonvascular plant
- plant that does not have a vascular system
- crossing over
- the exchange of reciprocal segments of DNA by homologous chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis source of genetic recombination
- omnivore
- animal that eats both plants and animals
- ectothermic
- refering to an animal whose body temperature is determined by the temperature of the environment
- coccus
- spherical shaped bacterium
- sex linked trait
- a trait that is determined by a gene found on the x chromosome
- radula
- rasping tonguelike organ of mollusks uned in obtaining food
- heterozygous
- refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
- fertilization
- the process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote
- proglottid
- rectangular body section of tapeworms
- flower
- reproductive structure of angiosperms produces pollen in the anthers of stamens and seeds in a fruit the mature ovary of a pistil
- virus
- a strand of nucleic acid encased in a protein coat that can infect cells and replicate within them
- pathogen
- a disease causing agent
- homozygous
- refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait
- lichen
- symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium
- genotype
- the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles
- incomplete dominace
- condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents
- exoskeleton
- hard external covering of some invertebrates
- meiosis
- process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell completes two successive dibisions that produce four cells gametes each with a chromosome number that has been reduced by half
- angiosperm
- seed plant that produces reproductive structures in flowers and seed within a fruit
- arthropod
- member of the phylum Arthropoda which includes invertebrate animals such as insects crustaceans and srachnids
- species
- group of organisms that look alike and are capable of producing fertile offspring in nature
- homologous chromosome
- a member of a chromosome pair both of which are similar in shape, size and the genes they carry
- gametophyte
- haploid phase in the type of life cycle known as alternations of generations haploid individual that produces gametes
- phylum
- a taxonomic category containing classes with similar characteristics
- Chromosome
- structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located
- gene
- section of a chromosome that codes for protein or RNA molecule
- gymnosperm
- seed plant that produces seeds that do not develop withing a fruit
- sessile
- describes an organism that remains attached to a surfact for its entire life
- oogenesis
- process by which gametes are produced in female animals
- taxonomy
- science of naming and classifying organisms
- hermaphrodite
- organism with both testes and ovaries
- protist
- a member of the kingdom Protista
- polygenic trait
- characteristic of an organism that is influenced by several genes
- multiple alleles
- the existence of more than two alleles versions of the gene for a genetic trait
- cytokinesis
- division of the cytophasm to form two separate cells
- hypha
- slender filament that is part of the body of a multicelular fungus
- gamete
- haploid cell that participates in fertiliazation by fusing with another haploid cell
- chromatid
- one of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis
- kingdom
- taxonomic category that contains phyla with similar characteristics
- mitosis
- process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei each with the same number and kind of chromosomes
- Punnett square
- diagram used by biologists to predict the probable outcome of a genetic cross
- phenotype
- observable characteristics of an organism
- heredity
- transmission of genetic traits from parent to off spring
- bacillus
- rod shaped bacterium
- family
- taxonomic category containing genera with similar properties
- conjugation
- temporary union of two organisms to exchange nuclear material
- genetics
- study of heredity
- haploid
- having only one set of chromosomes
- fruit
- structure that contains one or more seeds and develops from the ovary of the pistil of a flower
- carnivore
- flesh eating organism
- diploid
- term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosomes one set inherited from each parent
- prokaryote
- single celled organism without a nucleus bacterial cell
- spermatogenesis
- process by which gametes are produced in male animals
- monohybrid cross
- cross involving one pair of contrasting traits