SBA Biology 9 weeks (2nd)
Terms
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- monohybrid cross
- a cross involving 1 pair of contrasting traits.
- aerobic respiration
- cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen.
- amino acid
- a type of organic molecule that Miller & Urey were able to produce in their 1953 experiment.
- nitrogen
- a gas that was presented in the atmosphere.
- spontaneous generation
- a biological hypothesis or principle.
- S phase
- the period during which DNA is copied.
- ATP & NADPH produced by the light reactions
- energy required for the Calvin cycle originate.
- peptide bond
- links together amino acids in a protein.
- RuBP
- 5-carbon carbohydrate in Calvin cycle.
- NADH & FADH
- electron transport chain is driven by 2 products of the Krebs cycle.
- heterozygous parents
- 2 parents with dominant phenotypes produce an offspring with a recessive phenotype.
- Aerobic respiration
- protected early unicellular organism from damage by BINDING OXYGEN.
- heterozygous guinea pigs
- a black guinea pig is crossed with a white guinea pig.
- electrons
- lose energy as they are transported along the electron transport chain.
- nucleotides
- repeating subunits of DNA & RNA.
- trait
- a contrasting form of a heredity characteristic.
- NAD
- electron acceptor.
- fermentation
- glycolysis & anaerobic pathways.
- double helix
- spiral shape of DNA.
- G1 phase
- the 1st phase of interphase.
- citric acid
- product of acetyl CoA and oxaloacetic acid.
- cell membrane
- location of electron transport chain in prokaryotes.
- O2
- photosynthesis is released & does not participate further in photosynthesis.
- prophase
- the 1st phase of mitosis.
- chemosynthesis & photosynthesis
- are 2 types of autotrophy.
- gene
- a large region of DNA that directs the formation of a protein.
- cellular respiration
- breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP.
- homozygous dominant
- having 2 similar, dominant alleles for a trait.
- 66%
- energy efficiency of aerobic respiration (including glycolysis)
- glycolysis
- 1st pathway of cellular respiration.
- Zz
- a heterozygous individual.
- cytokinesis
- division of the cytoplasm.
- membranes
- both microspheres & living cells have this.
- Rr
- Cross a red-flowering plant with a yellow-flowering plant. All of the offspring have orange flowers. Suggest a possible genotype for the offspring.
- 1 PP : 2Pp : 1pp
- a monohybrid cross between 2 heterozygous parents.
- visible spectrum
- component colors of white light.
- PGAL
- 3-carbon molecule in Calvin cycle.
- anticodon
- identifies the specific amino acid for tRNA.
- electrons in the transport chain
- protons are moved into the thylakoid using energy.
- cytosol
- location of glycolysis.
- gene
- a segment of DNA that controls a particular hereditary trait.
- ozone
- is a layer that protected Earth's surface (in the early life) from ultreviolet radiation, which damages DNA.
- anaphase
- the phase of mitosis during which chromosomes move to opposite poles.
- Glycolysis
- begins with glucose and produces pyruvic acid.
- biochemical pathway
- series of linked chemical reactions.
- Calvin cycle
- Carbon atoms are fixed into organic compounds.
- Histones
- aid in the packing of DNA in eukaryotic cells.
- 11,430
- the age of an organic object using the carbon-14 dating technique and the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,715 years.
- Crossing-over
- results in genetic recombination by permitting the exchange of genetic maternal & paternal chromosomes.
- 6
- 12 chromosomes in each body cell.
- codon
- group of 3 sequential bases of mRNA.
- carbon dioxide than C3 plants
- the same amount of carbohydrate, C4 plants require.
- carotenoids
- absorb blue & green light.
- heterozygote
- an ororganism having 2 different alleles for a trait.
- prophase
- phase of meiosis that tertads form.
- mitotic spindle
- equally divides chromatids between offspring cells.
- heredity
- the transmission of characteristics from parents of offspring.
- NAD
- generated by both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
- meiosis
- segregation of alleles occus in.
- organic molecules for food
- scientists have inferred that the 1st cellular life-forms were anaerobic prokaryotes.
- asexual reproduction
- the production of offspring from 1 parent.
- .25.
- a trait occurring in 400 offspring out of a total of 1,600 offspring.
- photosystem
- cluster of pigment molecules.
- all heterozygous
- a monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant & homozygous recessive parent.
- combine with NADP to form NADPH
- photosystem 1 transport chain, electrons.
- pairing of homologues
- occurs during synapsis.
- genotype
- the genetic makeup of an organism.
- deoxyribose
- sugar found in DNA.
- Spermatogenesis
- results in 4 haploid cells.
- allele
- an alternative form of a gene.
- temperature
- cause a rapid decline in the photosynthesis rate if the factor rises above a certain level.
- chlorophylls
- absorbs violet,blue,and red light.
- offspring cell
- produced by binary fission contains an identical copy of the original cell's chromosomes.
- cleavage furrow
- equally divides an animal cell into 2 offspring cells.
- ribosome
- substitutes for thymine in RNA.
- ATP synthase
- adds phosphate group to ADP.
- uracil
- site of translation.
- kilocalorie
- unit of energy.
- interphase
- the time between cell divisions.