Bio2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- cuticle
- a waxy, waterproof covering, found on outer surfaces of a leaf
- xylem vessel
- a long, narrow tube made of many dead, lignified cells arranged end to end; conducts water in plants, and supports them
- turgid
- a plant cell that contains plenty of water, so that the cytoplasm pushes outwards on the cell wall
- photosynthesis
- the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
- chloroplasts
- organelles found in many plant cells, which contain chlorophyll, and where photosynthesis takes place
- producer
- the first organism in a food chain, which produces food i.e a green plant
- transpiration
- the loss of water vapor from a plant, mostly from the leaves
- cell sap
- a solution of sugars, amino acids and many other substances, found in the vacuoles of plant cells
- plasmolysis
- shrinkage of the cytoplasm of a plant cell, so that the cell membrane begins to tear away from the cell wall; caused by loss of water
- herbivore
- an animal which eats plants
- translocation
- the movement of materials within a plant, particularly ones which the plant itself has made, such as sugars
- tropism
- a directional growth response by a plant to a stimulus
- thylakoid
- a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
- flaccid
- a plant cell is which has lost water, so that the cytoplasm does not push outward on the cell wall
- cilia
- small, hair-like structures which project from some cells, and perform waving movements in synchrony with each other.
- phloem
- a plant tissue in which substances made by the plant are carried from one part to another
- destarching
- keeping a plant in the dark, so it cannot photosynthesise and will use up its starch stores
- carnivore
- an animal which feeds on other animals, which it kills
- lamina
- the blade of a leaf
- mucus
- a slimy liquid, secreted by goblet cells, used in many parts of the body for lubrication
- nectar
- a sugary liquid secreted by flowers to attract insects or birds for pollination
- cell surface membrane
- a very thin layer of protein and fat, which surrounds the cytoplasm of every living cell
- spongy mesophyll
- layer of cells near the underside of a leaf where photosynthesis takes place; they have large air spaces between them
- extracellular
- outside cells
- denitrifying bacteria
- bacteria which often live in damp soil, and which convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
- cellulose
- a polysaccharide made from glucose molecules linked together in very long chains. It forms fibres, which make up the cell walls of plants
- testa
- hard outer covering of a seed
- leaching
- the loss of soluble substances from soil, as they are washed out by rain water
- lumen
- the space in the middle of a tube
- palisade layer
- a layer of rectangular cells near the upper surface of a leaf, where most photosynthesis takes place
- heterotrophic
- using food made by other organisms; all animals are
- stroma
- in plants, the solution that surround the thylakoids in the chloroplast
- pollination
- the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma
- stoma
- one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur
- chlorophyll
- a green pigment found in all plants and some bacteria and protoctists, which absorbs energy form the sunlight to be used in photosynthesis
- consumer
- an organism which consumes other organisms for food (all animals)
- mesophyll
- the central layers of a leaf, where photosynthesis takes place
- autotroph
- an organism that produces its own nutrients form inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms
- vacuole
- an organelle containing a liquid, and surrounded by a membrane
- vascular bundle
- a group of xylem and phloem tubes
- nitrifying bacteria
- bacteria which convert proteins and urea into nitrates
- cortex
- the part of a stem or root between and around the vascular bundles or stele
- starch
- the polysaccharide storage material for plants, made from molecules of hundreds of glucose units linked together