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Terms
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- Pollination
- Transfer of pollen grains to the female part of a seed plant by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and animals.
- Chlorophyll
- Green, light-trapping pigment in plant chloroplasts that is important in photosynthesis.
- Day-neutral plant
- Plant that doesn't require a specific photoperiod and can begin the flowering process over a range of night lengths.
- Pollen grain
- Small structure produced by the male reproductive organs of a seed plant. Has a water-resistant coat, contains gametophyte parts that will produce sperm.
- Frond
- Leaf of a fern that grows from the rhizome.
- Ovule
- In seed plants, the female reproductive part that produces eggs.
- Nonvascular plant
- Plant that absorbs water and other substances directly through its cell walls.
- Cuticle
- Waxy, protective layer that covers the stems, leaves, and flowers of many plants. Helps prevent water loss.
- Long day plant
- Plant that generally requires short nights-- less that 10-12 hours of darkness to begin the flowering process.
- Short day plant
- Plant that generally requires long nights-- 12 or more hours of darkness to begin the flowering process.
- Germination
- Series of events that results in the growth of a plant from the seed.
- Vascular plant
- Plant with tube-like structures that move minerals, water, and other substances throughout the plant.
- Spore
- Waterproof reproductive cell of a fungus that can grow into a new organism.
- Cellulose
- Chemical compound made out of sugar. Provides structure and support in plants.
- Guard cell
- Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing.
- Angiosperm
- Flowering vascular plants that produce fruits.
- Pistil
- Female reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm. Contains a sticky stigma where pollen lands.
- Rhizoid
- Threadlike structures that anchor nonvascular plants to the ground.
- Ovary
- Swollen base of an angiosperm's pistil where egg-producing ovules are found.
- Monocot
- Angiosperm (flowering plant) with one cotyledon inside its seed.
- Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants and many other producers use light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen.
- Gymnosperm
- Vascular plants that do not flower. Produce seeds that are not protected by fruit (ex. Conifers).
- Tropism
- Positive or negative plant response to an external stimulus such as touch, light, or gravity.
- Respiration
- Process by which producers and consumers release stored energy from food molecules.
- Stomata
- Tiny openings in a plant's epidermis through which carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen enter and exit.
- Stamen
- Male reproductive organ inside the flower. Pollen grains form, and a filament.
- Rhizome
- Underground stem.