BIOLOGY 3
Terms
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- rainy climate
- allows for groundwater contamination
- witchweed
- looks beautiful but underneath the ground it is attached to host agriculture pests that make little seeds, but need a special signal to tell them that their host plant is there...they can stay alive for a very long time
- mycorrhizae
- good fungi that coat the roots, protect against pathogens, and absorb minerals in water
- Cork cambium
- makes cork
- dwarf mistletoe
- a parasitic plant on conifers
- cedar-apple rust
- spore from the apple effect the juniper and the spores from the juniper effect the apple...so repeating stage so if you get rid of one you also get rid of the other
- white pine blister rust
- repeating stage is on the curds and gooseberries. Spores from the white pine go to the curds and gooseberries...the gooseberries then go back to the white pine and infect it
- "repeating stage" urediniospores
- the one spore stage in a heteroecious rust fungus that effects the plant/wheat over and over again
- haustorium/ haustoria
- structure used by parasitic plants and fungi to absorb nutrients
- dioecious
- two separate male and female plants- one makes pollen and one makes seed
- Heteroecious
- a rust fungus that requires two host plants
- low microbial activity
- eat for food which degrade them and contaminate
- Fungistasis
- process that keeps spores from germinating too soon (in soil)
- Stylet
- feeding structure of nematodes and aphids
- puccinia pathway
- comes from the south to the north and delays the stem rust of wheat epidemic
- meristems
- always producing new cells allow trees to live forever
- wood decay
- gets in through little holes and wounds and start eating the secondary xylem
- compartmentalization
- when a tree gets a wood decay they block it off so that wood decay cannot get past it and further infect the wood
- Mycorrhizae
- symbiotic fungus on plant roots
- ectoparasites
- feeds on underground plant parts, particularly the roots (wide host range)
- secondary phloem
- carries food
- root knot
- cause the production of giant cells and small knots at feeding sites (wide host range)
- crop rotation
- management practice that "tricks" spores into germinating when their host plant is no longer present
- stem rust of wheat
- important to get rid of barberry to get rid of the sexual cycle
- vascular cambium
- makes xylem and phloem
- Rhizosphere
- nutrient-rich zone on root surface produced by root exudates
- cankers
- get in through wounds and kill the soft tissues right under the bark (vascular cambium, secondary phloem, cork cambium)
- monacious
- both male and female parts are on the same plant- one plant makes the pollen and the seed
- Competition
- mode-of-action commonly used by biological control organisms
- sand soil
- big pores which allow groundwater contamination
- lesion
- makes a trail of dead cells and keeps moving (wide host range)
- haustoria
- instead of roots they have little pieces that move into the host plant and absorb water
- heteroecious
- rust fungus that needs different houses or plants to complete life cycle
- pesticide application
- if you apply chemicals to a bare soil with no root system, it is effected more than living plants because they have a root system
- barberry eradication
- breaks down the sexual cycle
- vascular wilt
- causes trees to get sick because their xylem is clogged up which keeps them from getting water
- Penicillium Roquefortii
- the fungus that produces blue cheese
- Bark/ cork cells
- protect
- parasite of both xylem and the phloem
- very small and yellow in appearance ( dwarf mistletoe)
- xylem parasite
- needs photosynthesis because it has no source of food (must appear to be leafy and green- mistletoe)
- LSD
- famous hallucinogen was derived from the ergot fungus
- Vomitoxin
- mycotoxin produced by Fusarium
- cyst
- become protective sacs for their eggs, stationary (host specific)
- shallow groundwater
- may not be degraded by the time it hits the ground...causing groundwater contamination
- low organic matter
- bind chemicals and when its degraded is allows for groundwater contamination
- apical meristems
- roots and stems
- Dioecious
- a plant with only male or female flowers- mistletoe
- secondary xylem
- carries water
- autoecious
- rust fungus that stays on one plant
- root rot
- eats the roots of trees