Chapter 5 seed plants
key terms and DSQ's
Terms
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- what are the 2 stages in the life cycle of plants?
- sporophyte and gametophyte
- what does the sporphyte and gametophyte produce?
- sex cells
- what characteristics do all plants share?
- multicellular, eukaryotes, and autotrophs
- what is the difference between a vascular and nonvascular palnt?
- a vascular plant has vascular tissue and a nonvascular plant doesn't
- what happens when light strikes a leaf?
- most of the green part of the spectrum is reflected, and most of the other colors are absorbed.
- what are the adaptations necessary for plants to live on land?
- must be able to obtain water, retain water, transport materials in their bodies, and reporduce
- what are 3 things that can happen to light when it strikes an object?
- transmission, reflection, and absorption
- define photosynthesis
- a process where plants make food by using the suns energy
- define tissue
- a group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism
- define chloroplast
- a structure in a plant that makes the food
- define vacuole
- a large storage sack that can expand and shrink
- define cuticle
- a waxy waterproof layer that covers the leaves of most plants
- define vascular tissue
- a system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals, and food move
- define fertilization
- when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell
- define zygote
- a fertilization egg
- define nonvascular plant
- plants that lack vascular tissue
- define vascular plant
- plants with true vascular tissue
- define chlorophyll
- a green pigment found in chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
- define sporophyte
- a stage where plants produce spores
- define gametophyte
- a stage where plants produce sex cells
- transmission
- the process where some objects allow light to pass through them
- reflection
- the process when light hits a shiny surface and the light bounces back
- absorption
- when dark objects take in light
- accessory pigment
- a pigment other than chlorophyll found in the plant cells
- seed
- a young plant inside a protective covering
- phloem
- the vascular tissue in which food moves
- xylem
- the vascular tissue in which water and materials move
- pollen
- tiny structure that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells
- embryo
- a young plant that develpos from the zygote of the fertilized egg
- cotyledons
- a plants seed leaves
- germination
- when the embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed
- root cap
- a protectice covering on the top of the roots
- cambium
- a layer of cells in the stem that produce new phloem and xylem
- stomata
- small openings, or pores, in the surface layer of the leaf
- transpiration
- the process which water evaporatesfrom the plants leaves
- gymnosperm
- a seed plant that produces naked seeds
- cone
- structures that gymnosperms produce
- ovule
- a structure that cantains an egg cell
- pollination
- the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure in plants
- 4 ways seeds are dispersed
- wind, water, animals, and ejection
- 3 parts of a seed
- embryo, seed coat, and cotyledon
- characteristics of all seed plants
- use pollen and seeds to reproduce, have 3 main parts; roots stems and leaves, and have vascular tissue
- 1st step in a seed plant life cycle
- pollination
- 2nd step in a seed plant life cycle
- fertilization
- 3rd step in a seed plant life cycle
- seed development
- 3 main functions of roots
- anchor plant, absorb water and minerals, and store food
- 3 main funstions of stems
- carry substances between roots and leaves, provides support for plant, and holds it toward the sun
- 3 main funstions of leaves
- capture the suns energy, carry out the food for photosynthesis, and control water loss
- angiosperm
- a plant that produces seeds with a protective covering
- flower
- the reproductive structure of an angiosperm
- sepals
- a leaf like structure that develops the developing flower
- petals
- a colorful leaflike structure of some flowers
- stamens
- the male reproductive parts
- pistils
- female reproductive parts
- ovary
- a hollow structure that protects the seeds as they develop
- fruit
- a ripened ovary that enclose 1 or more seeds
- monocots
- angiosperms that have only 1 seed leaf
- dicots
- angiosperms that have 2 seed leafs
- job of stamen
- to make pollen
- job of pistol
- produce egg cells
- 3 parts of pistol
- stigma, style, and ovary
- 2 parts of stamen
- anther and filament
- characteristics of angiosperms
- produce closed seeds, and produce flowers
- characteristics of gymnosperms
- produce naked seeds and cones
- characteristics of monocots
- parallel veins, 1 cotyledons, scattered vascular tissue, and petals that part in multiples of 3
- characteristics of dicots
- branching veins, 2 cotyledons, vascular tissue in a ring, and petals of 4 and 5
- difference between seed and seedless plants
- seed plants use seeds and pollen to reproduce and seedless plants use sexual and asexual reproduction
- what is a naked seed?
- seeds that are not enclosed by a fruit
- what is a coverd seed?
- a seed enclosed by a fruit
- function of a cambium
- to produce new phloem and xylem
- function of root cap
- protect end of roots while they grow
- function of leaf
- absorb sunlight to carry out food for photosynthesis
- function of stem
- transport materials and support plant
- function of cotyledon
- store food
- characteristics of all plants
- autotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotes, and have a cell wall
- gymnosperms reproductive structure
- cone
- angiosperms reproductive structure
- flower
- the embryo in a seed gets food from
- cotyledon