Biology Plants Test
Terms
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- Seed
-
embryo of a plant, surrounded by the endosperm
covered by one or more protective seed coats
carried by wind, water, or animals
may lie dormant for many months until conditions are right and develop into a seedling. - Endosperm
- tissue containing stored food
- Gymnosperm
-
- Means "naked seed"
- seeds develop in exposed positions on scales of CONES rather than in the ovary (fruit) - 4 phylums of Gymnosperm
-
1) Cycadophyta
2) Ginkgophyta
3) Coniferophyta
4) Gnetophyta - Cycadophyta
- really really old, resemble palm trees but actually bear cones, mostly from dino days
- Ginkgophyta
-
-single one survives today
- Ginkgo biloba
- leaves are fan shaped and lobed
- have male and female trees
- popular suburban shade trees - Coniferophyta
-
pines, spruces, firs, cadars, and sequoias.
- most common
- mostly evergreen - why is the coniferophyta phylum the most common?
- because it can survive places that other gymnosperms can not, such as rocky, sandy soil and soils that wouldnt be able to support broad-leaf trees.
- Cones
-
Two types:
1) seed- woody, develop over a period of several months
2) Pollen- smaller than seed cones, and usually go unnoticed. are yellow or reddish and remain only a few days after the pollen is released - Gnetophyta
- cone bearing but have a vascular system more like angiosperms
- Angiosperms
-
-Phylum Anthophyta
- all flowering plants
- dominant plant life - Angiosperms success due to
-
1) their variety (flowers, cacti, floating, and climbing)
2) their versitility of environments- can live in water, dry areas, tundra, or swamps
3) seeds- can be helped distributed by animals
4) relationship with insects for pollination - Two classes of Angiosperms
-
Monocotyledon (one leaf)
and Dicotyledon (two leaves) - cotyledon
- seed leaves of an embryo plant
- Monocot have how many cotyledons
- 1
- dicots have how many cotyledons
- 2
- venation of monocots
- parallel
- venation of dicots
- net
- flower symmetry of monocots
- 3- such as grass, onion
- flower symmetry of dicots
- 4- such as sunflowers or pansies
- Vegetative organ
- carries out all necessary life processes except reproduction
- 3 vegetative organs
-
1) roots: absorb water, anchor the plant, and store food (in beets turnips radishes celery and asparagus)
2) Stem: support and transport and photosynthesis
3) Leaves: photosynthesis, exchange of CO2 and O2